1、课时作业.阅读理解(2018高考全国卷 C)Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years，but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by huntergatherers，small ，tightly knit(联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.S
2、ome language experts believe that 10,000 years ago，when the world had just five to ten million people，they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards，many of those people started settling down to become farmers，and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recen
3、t centuries，trade，industrialisation，the development of the nationstate and the spread of universal compulsory education，especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades，all have caused many languages to disappear，and dominant languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese ar
4、e increasingly taking over.At present， the world has about 6,800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages，often spoken by many people，while hot，wet zones have lots，often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only ar
5、ound 200 languages；the Americas about 1,000； Africa 2,400；and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200，of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number(中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000，which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well o
6、ver 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡)，with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick，at random，Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers)，Chiapaneco in Mexico(150)， Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia(one，with a questionmark)：none of thes
7、e seems to have much chance of survival.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上语言的种类随着人类社会的发展而逐渐减少这一现象。1What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times?AThey developed very fast.BThey were large in number.CThey had similar patterns.DThey were closely connected.【答案】 B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Some language experts b
8、elieve that 10,000 years ago，when the world had just five to ten million people，they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.”可知，一些语言专家认为，一万年前，当世界上只有 500 万到 1 000 万人时，他们之间可能说 12 000 种语言。由此可推断，采猎文明时期的语言种类很多。A 项曲解文意，文中提到采猎文明时期语言很多，但这不代表语言发展快。C、D 两项颠倒是非，根据第一段中 small，tightly knit groups developed th
9、eir own patterns of speech independent of each other 可知，这些语言是相互独立的，不具有相似模式，语言间也没有密切联系。2Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?AComplex. BAdvanced.CPowerful. DModern.【答案】 C 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“.all have caused many languages to disappear，and dominant languages such as Eng
10、lish，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.”可知，人类社会发展的很多因素导致许多语言消失，而逐渐被如英语、西班牙语、汉语等语言取代，这就暗示出这些语言是“占优势的”，故选 C 项powerful(强大的，有影响力的)。complex 复杂的；advanced 先进的；modern 现代的。3How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?AAbout 6,800. BAbout 3,400.CAbout 2,400. DAbout 1,200.
11、【答案】 B 数字计算题。根据第三段中的“At present，the world has about 6,800 languages.”可知，目前世界上有大约 6 800 种语言；再根据“The median number of speakers is a mere 6,000，which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.”可知，目前世界上一半的语言的使用人数少于 6 000，也就是说有大约 3 400 种语言的使用人数少于 6 000。4What is the main id
12、ea of the text?ANew languages will be created.BPeoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.CHuman development results in fewer languages.DGeography determines language evolution.【答案】 C 主旨大意题。文章介绍了语言的种类随着人类社会的发展而逐渐减少这一现象，故 C 项概括全面。A 项颠倒是非，文章介绍的是语言的减少而不是新语言的创造。 B、D 两项无中生有，文中没有提到人们的生活方式会反映到语言上，也没有提到地
13、理决定语言的发展。.完形填空(2019郑州模拟 )Even though Ive lived most of my life in China，English has always been an important part of my life.When I was four years old，my family and I _1_ to the US，where we lived in Houston，Texas，for a year.I was too _2_ then to fully understand what it was like to be in such a diff
14、erent environment，but _3_， English started to make its way into my life.At first，I didnt really know how to _4_ with my foreign classmates with proper English，but they were nice and _5_，and very soon English became like a second language to me.I could _6_ myself in both Chinese and English.I had ano
15、ther useful _7_.English is _8_ a tool of communication for me; it has also brought a new world of _9_ to me.When I was in fourth grade，my friends _10_ me a very popular book series called Percy Jackson & the Olympians，and I felt then that I had never read any story that _11_ me as much.I began to _1
16、2_ the world of English literature(文学)and found that all the _13_ books and stories I came across opened my eyes to a different _14_ from the one I had been familiar with.I loved the stories I would otherwise have _15_ if I had not known English.All in all，English has given me another tool for commu
17、nicating with others，_16 _ to understand and accept things I would never have _17_ and brought me much _18_ through reading.I think I am very _19_ to have learned English because it has helped _20_ my view of the world，and it still does.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己学习英语的过程和英语对自己的巨大影响，阅读了许多好书，开阔了视野，塑造了世界观。
18、1A.rode Bdrove Cmoved Dtraveled【答案】 C 考查动词辨析。A.rode 骑；B.drove 驾驶；C.moved 移动；D.traveled 旅行。在我四岁时全家移居美国 Houston，故选 C。2A.young Bsilly Cshy Dtired【答案】 A 考查形容词辨析。A.young 年轻的；B.silly 愚蠢的；C.shy 害羞的；D.tired 疲倦的。根据上句 When I was four years old 可知当时我年龄太小，不能完全理解在陌生的环境中会怎么样。表示“太小而不能”，故选 A。3A.sadly Bunexpectedly
19、Cfinally Dslowly【答案】 D 考查副词辨析。A.sadly 悲哀地；B.unexpectedly 出乎意料地；C.finally 最后； D.slowly 缓慢地。进入了一个陌生的环境，慢慢地英语进入了我的生活。表示一个逐渐的过程，故选 D。4A.argue Bcommunicate Cdeal Dfight【答案】 B 考查动词辨析。A.argue 争论；B.communicate 交流；C.deal处理；D.fight 斗争。刚开始我不知道怎样和同学们用合适的英语交流，此处指和同学们交流，故选 B。5A.brave Bhonest Cpatient Dfunny【答案】 C
20、 考查形容词。A.brave 勇敢的；B.honest 诚实的；C.patient 有耐心的；D.funny 有趣的。同学们都很好很有耐心，很快英语变成了我的第二语言。指耐心教给我，故选 C。6A.express Bimprove Cexplain Dtest【答案】 A 考查动词辨析。A.express 表达；B.improve 提高；C.explain解释；D.test 测试。根据 English became like a second language to me.可知英语成了第二语言，我能用汉语和英语两种语言表达自己，故选 A。7A.friend Btoy Cidea Dtool【答
21、案】 D 考查名词辨析。A.friend 朋友；B.toy 玩具；C.idea 主意；D.tool 工具。我能用汉语和英语两种语言表达自己，我拥有了另外一个有用的交流工具。下文 a tool of communication for me 给了提示，故选 D。8A.less than Bmore than Cother than Drather than【答案】 B 考查固定短语。A.less than 少于； B.more than 多于，不仅仅；C.other than 除了，不同于；D.rather than 而不是。英语对我来说不仅仅是一种交流工具，表示不仅仅，故选 B。9A.draw
22、ing Bteaching Csinging Dreading【答案】 D 考查名词辨析。A.drawing 图画；B.teaching 教学；C.singing歌唱；D.reading 阅读。英语把我带进了一个新的阅读世界，指读了许多英语书。下文提到的 popular book series，English literature 也给了提示，故选 D。10A.gave Bthrew Csold Dreturned【答案】 A 考查动词辨析。A.gave 给；B.threw 扔；C.sold 卖；D.returned 返回。此处指四年级时朋友给了我一套畅销书 Percy Jackson & t
23、he Olympians，根据句意选 A。11A.frightened Brelaxed Cattracted Dworried【答案】 C 考查动词辨析。A.frightened 害怕，惊吓；B.relaxed 放松；C.attracted 吸引；D.worried 担心。此处指我以前从未读过这么吸引我的书，这本书吸引了我。故选 C。12A.find Bdiscover Cexpose Dpresent【答案】 B 考查动词辨析。A.find 查找，找到；B.discover 发现；C.expose 揭露，揭发； D.present 提出，呈现。看完这本书后我开始探索英语文学世界，指探索发现
24、，故选 B。13A.different Bvalueless Cexpensive Dpriceless【答案】 A 考查形容词辨析。A.different 不同的；B.valueless 无价值的；C.expensive 昂贵的；D.priceless 无价的，极贵重的。与句中 different 呼应，指我遇到的所有不同的书和故事开阔了我的眼界，指不同的书和故事，故选 A。14A.group Bcity Cschool Dworld【答案】 D 考查名词辨析。A.group 组，团体；B.city 城市；C.school 学校；D.world 世界。与上文 a new world 和 th
25、e world of English literature 呼应，指英语文学书籍把我带到了一个和我熟悉的世界不同的世界，故选 D。15A.hated Bmissed Cforgotten Dtouched【答案】 B 考查动词辨析。A.hated 憎恨；B.missed 错过；C.forgotten 忘记；D.touched 触摸。此处指如果我不懂英语就会错过这么多好书，表示错过，故选 B。16A.told Bforced Casked Dtrained【答案】 D 考查动词辨析。A.told 告诉；B.forced 强迫；C.asked 问；D.trained 培养，训练。英语给了我另一种交
26、流工具，培养我理解和接受新事物的能力。表示“培养”故选 D。17A.imagined Bchosen Cused Dcollected【答案】 A 考查动词辨析。A.imagined 想象；B.chosen 选择；C.used 使用；D.collected 搜集。英语让我理解和接受了以前从未想象过的事物，故选A。18A.trouble Btreasure Cenjoyment Dhonor【答案】 C 考查名词辨析。A.trouble 麻烦；B.treasure 财富，财产；C.enjoyment 享受，乐趣； D.honor 荣誉。英语阅读给我带来了许多乐趣，故选C。19A.regretfu
27、l Blucky Cdisappointed Dwise【答案】 B 考查形容词辨析。A.regretful 后悔的；B.lucky 幸运的；C.disappointed 失望的；D.wise 明智的。我认为学会了英语我很幸运，因为它帮助我塑造了世界观。故选 B。20A.shape Bcorrect Ccheck Dshare【答案】 A 考查动词辨析。A.shape 形成，塑造；B.correct 改正，告诫；C.check 检查，核对； D.share 分享。此处指英语帮我塑造了世界观，故选 A。.语法填空When Jack was a small boy，he was once aske
28、d to give a speech about “A Big Challenge in My Life”To talk before the whole class，he was _1_(terrible)shy the moment he thought of so many eyes _2_(stare)at him.He had no other _3_(choose)，though.First Jack was to draft the speech，which was just a piece of cake for him because he was a good writer
29、.But the hard part _4_(lie)in his oral presentation， for it was not allowed to read from the paper.He had to give the speech _5_ his memory and in front of such a big audience!A real trial began when Jack stood on the platform with his legs trembling and his mind blank.How much time had passed by，he
30、 didnt know.His listeners were still waiting patiently and without any signs of laughing.Gradually he found himself back，_6_(give)out his speech without much difficulty.After what seemed to be a hundred years，he found the audience applauding.He made _7_！ From then on，his fear of talking before the a
31、udience disappeared.Actually with his confidence _8_(build)up，Jack now turns out to be a great speaker.As we know，the greater difficulty we meet on our way to _9_(succeed)， the _10_ likely we will be to achieve our goals.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。杰克小时候非常害羞，不敢在公开场合演讲。一次题为“人生中的一次大挑战”的演讲经历，帮助他战胜了胆怯，赢得了自信，并使他最终成为
32、一名优秀的演说家。1【答案】 terribly 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，“terrible” 在句中用来修饰形容词“shy”，需用其副词形式。故填 terribly。2【答案】 staring 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，“stare”在句中作“eyes” 的后置定语，且与其逻辑主语“eyes” 之间为主动关系。故填 staring。3【答案】 choice 考查词性转换。根据“no other”可知，空格处需用“choose”的名词形式；根据 “no other名词单数” 结构可知，应填 choice。4【答案】 lay 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，“lie”在句中作谓语
33、，意为“在于”，又由语境可知时态应用一般过去时。故填 lay。5【答案】 from 考查介词。根据上文 “for it was not allowed to read from the paper”可知，演讲的时候不允许照着稿子念，所以本句句意为“他不得不在这么多听众面前凭借记忆来演讲”。由上句中“from the paper”可知，填介词from。6【答案】 giving 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，“give”所在部分在句中作状语，与句子主语“he”之间是主动关系，并与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。故填现在分词 giving。7【答案】 it 考查固定习语。根据上句“he found
34、 the audience applauding”可知，本句句意为“他成功了”。make it 是固定习语，意为“获得成功”。故填 it。8【答案】 built 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句考查“with宾语补语”结构。因为本结构中宾语“confidence”与其补语之间是被动关系，并且补语动作已经发生，故应填过去分词 built。9【答案】 success 考查词性转换。在固定短语“on ones way to”中“to”为介词，所以此处填名词 success。10【答案】 more 考查比较级。分析句子结构可知，本句使用了“the比较级，the 比较级”的结构，意为“越，就越”，
35、故填more，构成“likely”的比较级。.书面表达(2016河北衡水中学二模 )假如你是李华，你的美国网友 Mike 最近因学习压力太大患上了轻度的焦虑症(anxiety disorders)，写信向你求助。请你用英文给他回一封信，就如何处理压力给他一些建议。注意：1.词数 100 左右；2信的开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。Dear Mike，I am sorry to hear that you are suffering from anxiety disorders due to that great stress of studying._I hope you will find
36、 these suggestions helpful.Yours faithfully，Li Hua【参考范文】Dear Mike，I am sorry to hear that you are suffering from anxiety disorders due to that great stress of studying.Here I would like to give you some suggestions about dealing with your stress.Firstly，you ought to learn to study hard as well as re
37、lax if necessary.As an old saying goes， all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.When you are tired，you can go for a walk or do some sports with your classmates.Secondly，when you study， do not give yourself too much stress，or you may feel depressed，which is bad for your health.Thirdly，I think it would be beneficial if you could share some of your inner emotions with your friends，parents or teachers.I hope you will find these suggestions helpful.Yours faithfully，Li Hua
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