1、Section_ Grammar 限制性定语从句语法图解探究发现Mozi was another teacher who was very influential. Born in 476 BC, he came from a family which was very poor.The woman (whom) you saw just now is our teacher. Do you know the girl whose Japanese is excellent?Ancient China was a place where states were often at war wit
2、h each other.But it was also a time when there are many great philosophers.Do you know the reason why he has been late?For example, it is the country in which silk was first invented.He is a man of whom China can be proud. 我的发现(1)句中黑体部分的引导词是关系代词，分别在定语从句中充当主语、主语、宾语、定语。(2)由句可知，当关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时，可以省略。(3
3、)句中黑体部分的引导词是关系副词，分别在定语从句中充当地点、时间、原因状语。(4)句为介词which/whom 引导的定语从句。一、定语从句的概念与分类在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。前者紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去；后者主句与从句之间用逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如果省去，意思仍然完整。二、限制性定语从句的作用限制性定语从句为先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语从句，若去掉，被修饰的主句的内容就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十
4、分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开。He is the man whom/that I am waiting for.他就是我正在等待的那个人。They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那个人的车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。(此处 whose 用来修饰其后面的名词 car，其先行词是 man，相当于 the mans car)三、关系词的用法1关系代词的用法(1)that 和 which 的用法which 指物，that 既可指人也可指物；它们在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，which 和 that 在从句中作宾语时可以省略。Ple
5、ase find a room which/that is big enough for all of us to live in.请找一间足够住下我们所有人的房间。This is the house (which/that) we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。This is the thief (that) we have been looking for these days.这就是我们近日来一直在找的小偷。在限制性定语从句中，关系代词指物时只能用 that 而不用 which 的情况：当先行词是 all，little ，few，none，anythin
6、g，something, everything, nothing 等词时。Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside?能不能给我点儿不含糖的东西？当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。This is the first twostorey bus that runs in our city.这是第一辆运行于我市的双层公交车。当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰时。Guilin is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited.桂林是我游览过的最美丽的城市。当先行词被 the onl
7、y, the very, the same, the right 等修饰时。This is the very scarf that mother has been looking for.这就是妈妈一直在找的那条围巾。当先行词既有人又有物时。Can you tell me the people and events that you saw in Britain?你能告诉我你在英国见到的人和事吗？句子中出现过 which 或 who 之类的词，为了避免重复，要用 that。Which of the books that had pictures was worth reading?哪本有图画的
8、书值得读呢？在限制性定语从句中只用 which 不用 that 的情况：先行词为 that, those 时，用 which，而不用 that。Whats that which is under the desk?在桌子底下的那东西是什么？关系代词前有介词时，一般用 which，而不用 that。This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。即时演练 1 用 that 或 which 填空(2017北京高考改编)The little problems that/which we meet in our daily lives may be inspir
9、ations for great inventions.(2016浙江高考改编)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved.Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position. Do you have anything that is important to tell me?A shop should keep a
10、 stock of those goods which/that sell best.Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. This is the family which/that is planning to move to the party. Could you lend me the book which/that you bought yesterday?(2)who 和 whom 的用法who 和 whom 指人， who 在从句中可作主语和宾语， whom
11、 在从句中作宾语。There is a girl who wants to see you.有个女孩儿想见你。The old man who/whom you saw yesterday is a thinker.你昨天见到的那位老人是一位思想家。(3)whose 的用法whose 既可指人也可指物，在从句中修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格。它可以转化为“the名词of which/whom” 和“of which/whomthe名词”的形式。This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.This is
12、 the scientist the name of whom is known all over the country.这就是那位全国知名的科学家。Please pass me the book whose cover is green.Please pass me the book the cover of which is green.请递给我那本绿色封面的书。即时演练 2(1)用适当的关系代词填空 The man who/that is talking with my father is a policeman. The professor who/that/whom you wis
13、h to see has gone abroad. This is the woman scientist whose research is known around the world. He lives in a room whose windows are big and bright.(2)一句多译孔子是影响力最大的一位哲学家。Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest. Confucius is the philosopher of _whom the influence has been t
14、he greatest. Confucius is the philosopher the influence of _whom has been the greatest. 2关系副词的用法(1)when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语。它的先行词通常有：time, day, week, year 等。I cannot forget the day when I first saw you.我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。(2)where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有：place, street, house, city, country 以及一些抽象意义的名词，如 point
15、, case, position, condition, situation。This is the house where they lived a week ago.这是一个星期前他们住过的房子。(3)why 指原因或理由，它的先行词只有 reason。The reason why I dont trust him is that he often tells lies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。名师点津 (1) 这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于 “介词which”结构：whenon (in, at, during .) whichwherein (at, on .) whichwhyf
16、or which(2)当先行词是表示时间的 time, day 等或表示地点的 place, house 等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语，关系词应用 which 或 that，缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用 when 或 where。I still remember the day (which/that) we spent together in the city.我仍然记得我们在那座城市一起度过的那一天。This is the room where (in which) Lao She once lived.这是老舍曾经居住过的房间。即时演练 3 用适当的关系副词填空
17、(2016天津高考改编)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.This is the factory where he used to work.Is this the museum where the exhibition was held? She remembers the days when she was a girl. Many countries are now setting up national parks where animals an
18、d plants can be protected. There are several reasons why we cant do that. 四、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词关系代词”是一个普遍使用的结构。“介词关系代词”结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, through, of, without 等，关系代词只可用 whom 或 which，不可用 that。Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？This is the house
19、 in which I lived two years ago.这是我两年前住过的房子。In the dark street, there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。名师点津 像 listen to, look for, depend on, pay attention to, take care of 等固定动词短语，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。This is the person whom/who/that you are looking for.这就是你在找
20、的那个人。即时演练 4(1)用“介词关系代词”填空The clever boy made a hole in the wall through_which he could see what was happening outside.The newlybuilt caf， the walls of_which are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. This is the teacher from_whom Ive learnt a lot. Gun cont
21、rol is a subject about_which Americans have argued for a long time. The policeman with_whom Mr. Henry is talking is a friend of mine.(2)完成句子In my first chemistry class I knew the fact that this kind of colorless gas without_which we cant live is called oxygen.在我的第一堂化学课上，我知道了这个事实：这种无色气体被称作氧气，没有它我们无法生
22、存。Care of the soul is a gradual process in_which even the small details of life should be considered.心灵的呵护是一个渐进的过程，在这一过程中，即使是生活中微小的细节也应该考虑在内。.单句语法填空 1(2017江苏高考改编)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme，one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.2(2015浙江高考改编)Creating an atmospher
23、e in which employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. 3(2015陕西高考改编)As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent. 4(2015安徽高考改编)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.5The penci
24、l with which he wrote was broken.6He is the right actor who/whom/that I want to find for my film. 7Italy is a famous city which/that has a lot of great buildings. 8The boys who are playing football are on the playground. 9Basketball is a game which is liked by most boys.10.He built a telescope throu
25、gh which he could study the stars. .完成句子1(2017全国卷书面表达)Secondly, you will make some good friends who_are_also_interested_in_playing table tennis.第二，你会交到一些好朋友，他们也很喜欢打乒乓球。2(2017天津高考书面表达)What I want to stress is that I have already been a volunteer for the 13th National Games which_will_be_held at the e
26、nd of August in Tianjin.我想强调的是我已成为八月底将在天津举办的第十三届全运会的志愿者。3(2015重庆高考写作)Secondly, I can make the acquaintance of people_who_share_the_same_interest through this activity.其次，通过这次活动，我可以结识有共同兴趣的人。4(2015浙江高考书面表达)Once we were discussing how to help the student who_was_seriously_ill_in_hospital.一次我们正讨论如何帮助那个
27、重病住院的学生。5In senior high school you will study more courses which_are_different_from your junior middle school courses. 在高中你将学习更多不同于初中的课程。6You can also share your unhappy things with somebody whom_you_trust and listen to their suggestions. 你也可以与你信任的人分享你不愉快的事情并且倾听他们的建议。7This is the policeman by_whom_m
28、y_son_was_saved. 这正是救了我儿子的警察。8The notebooks on the shelf whose_covers_are_pretty .架子上的那些笔记本的封面很好看。.短文改错This is my fifth day at the summer camp. Life isnt exact what I expected. We have to get up early to make our beds before our teacher Miss Li come to inspect. After breakfast, we have some of free
29、time. Yesterday morning I went fishing, but the only thing I catch was a tree branch. In the afternoon, there are different activity like horseback riding and hiking. Theyre fun, so nothing new for me. In the evening, everyone is assigned a different task to get dinner ready. Yesterday, I was in charge of prepare the hot dogs, but I accidentally dropped it in the fire. The best part of camp is at night, where we sit around a campfire and tell stories.答案：第二句：exactexactly第三句：comecomes第四句：去掉 of第五句：catchcaught第六句：activityactivities第七句：sobut第九句：preparepreparing; itthem第十句：camp 前加 the; wherewhen
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