1、Period Four GrammarRevising the ing form感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题1Having collected and evaluated the information，I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.2Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already，I didnt take much notice.3Having studied v
2、olcanoes now for many years，I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.4Having swallowed the fruit，the girl became pregnant and later gave birth to a handsome boy.1在所有这 4 个句子中，现在分词短语都使用了完成式，原因是分词短语所表示的动作先于句子的谓语动作发生。2在句 1 和句 4 中，分词短语作时间状语；在句 2 中，分词短语作原因状语；在句 3
3、中，分词短语作让步状语。一、动词ing 形式的时态、语态及意义动词 形式 意义主动式 doing与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与谓语动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生一般式 doing被动式 being done与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且与谓语动作同时发生主动式 having done与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且先于谓语动作发生以 do 为例完成式having done 被动式 having been done与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生Edison left America，preferring to giving up his fortune.爱迪生离开了
4、美国，宁愿放弃他的财产。Having finished my work，I went home.工作做完之后，我就回家了。Having been held back by the traffic jam，she couldnt get there on time.她被交通阻塞耽搁了，无法准时到达那里。二、动词ing 形式作状语动词ing 形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式或伴随情况等。1时间状语动词ing 形式作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生(动词ing 的完成时所表示的动作先于主句的动作) ，有时可由连词when，while，aft
5、er 引出。Hearing the result(When I heard the result)，I couldn t help jumping.听到这个结果，我不禁跳了起来。Having made full preparations(After we have made full preparations)，we are ready for the examination.做了充分的准备之后，我们准备参加考试。2原因状语可以与 as/since/because 等引导的原因状语从句转换。Being so excited(As he was so excited) ，he couldnt g
6、o to sleep that night.由于非常激动，那晚他没睡着。Having lived in the city for many years(Since I had lived in the city many years)，I knew it well.因为在这个城市住了许多年，所以我对它很了解。3条件状语可以与 if/unless 等引导的条件状语从句转换。Working hard at your lessons(If you work hard at your lessons)，you will succeed.如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。Not making good us
7、e of the time(Unless you make good use of the time)，youll regret.如果不好好利用时间，你会后悔的。4结果状语表示必然的结果，它常常位于句末，可扩展为一个含有并列谓语的简单句，有时也可以转换成非限制性定语从句。His father died，leaving him a lot of money(and left him a lot of money/which left him a lot of money)他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。5让步状语可以与 although/though 引导的让步状语从句转换。Knowing all t
8、his(Although they knew all this)，they made me pay for the damage.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。Having made up my mind(Though I had made up my mind)，I still wanted to play.尽管我已下定决心，我仍然想玩。6方式或伴随状语不可以转换成从句，但可以转换成并列句。The girls came into the classroom，singing and dancing(and they sang and danced)女孩子们唱着跳着进了教室。He l
9、ay on the grass，staring at the sky for a long time(and stared at the sky for a long time)他躺在草地上，盯着天空看了很长时间。三、动词ing 形式作状语的注意事项1逻辑主语动词ing 形式作状语，其逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语，它们之间是一种逻辑上的主谓关系。Being ill，he didnt attend the wedding.因为生病，他没有出席婚礼。(he 与 being ill 是逻辑上的主谓关系He was ill.)2独立结构有时现在分词有自己的逻辑主语，这时其逻辑主语相对于句子的主语来说是独
10、立的，因此又叫独立主格结构，其构成形式是“名词/代词v.ing ”。She being ill，her mother had to look after her at home.她生病了，母亲不得不在家照顾她。The meeting being over，we went to play football.会议一结束，我们就去踢足球了。3独立成分作状语有些动词ing 形式作状语在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，表明说话者的态度、观点等，被称为评论性状语。常见的有：generally speaking 一般说来strictly speaking 严格说来judging
11、 from/by 根据来判断considering./taking.into consideration 考虑到supposing 假设；如果providing 如果assuming 假使Generally speaking，as a foreign language，Chinese is more difficult to learn than English.一般说来，作为一门外语，汉语要比英语难学。4连词现在分词由 when/while/after/before/once/if/though/unless/as if 等引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，如果从句的谓语动词是主动语态
12、，则可以省略从句的主语，而保留原连词，形成“连词现在分词”的结构形式。Though lacking money，his parents managed to send him to university.Though they lacked money ，his parents managed to send him to university.尽管他父母缺钱，但是他们还是设法把他送去上大学了。.单句语法填空1Traveling(travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.(2018北京)
13、2However，those in the 10 to 12 age group were “concerned with how many people like their posts”，suggesting(suggest) a “need” for social recognition that gets stronger the older they become.(2018江苏)3For many，finding (find) an unattended wallet filled with 400 in cash would be a source(来源) of temptati
14、on( 诱惑) (2018北京)4Removing(remove) him from the pantheon(名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling(sell) off the Mona Lisa.(2018浙江)5The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，allowing(allow) more patients to be treated.(2017天津)6Many Chinese brands，h
15、aving developed(develop) their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.(2017江苏)7People probably cooked their food in large pots，using(use) twigs(树枝) to remove it.(2016全国)8The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows，making(make) air conditioning unnecessary.
16、(2016天津).单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误 )1My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me the biscuits with happy enjoyenjoyinglaughter!(2015陕西，短文改错)2After at the toy for some time，he turned around and found his parents were lookslookingmissing.(2015全国，短文改错 )3One evening at sunset，we sat by the fire， our b
17、arbecue.(2014陕西，短文改错)havehaving4. tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner.HaveHaving(2013新课标全国，短文改错)5. hungry，we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish.(2013陕西，短文改错)FeltFeeling.单句语法填空1Using(use) your head，you will find a better way to solve it.2Seeing(see) the t
18、errible scene，the girl was too frightened to move.3Weather permitting (permit)，well go for a picnic the day after tomorrow.4Having been taught (teach) many times，the girl still looked puzzled.5While surfing(surf) the Internet，the man found the interesting news.单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误 )6While ，I was reading
19、 some old magazines.waitedwaiting7There no classes today，so we went to the park.beingwere或 There being no classes today，so we went to the park.8The terrible snowstorm left， great damage to the crops.causedcausing9. hard at all your lessons，you will succeed sooner or later.WorkedWorking10Having warne
20、d several times，he still forgot the meeting. been基础巩固.单句语法填空1Newlybuilt wooden cottages line the street，turning(turn) the old town into a dreamland.2Having missed (miss) the bus，we had to walk home.3Watching(watch) the play， she couldnt keep back her tears.4Not knowing(not，know) how to do it，he turn
21、ed to the engineer for help.5It rained for two weeks on end，completely ruining(ruin) our holiday.6You can complete the work ahead of time if taking(take) my advice.7Having collected(collect) all the necessary materials，she began to write her report.8Having been appointed(appoint) as chairman，Tony he
22、ld a family gettogether to celebrate it.9He turned off the light，seeing(see) nothing.10The volcano erupted，resulting (result) in the death of many creatures.句型转换11When you are crossing the road，please be careful.When crossing the road，please be careful.12Because I dont know his telephone number，I ca
23、nt ring him up.Not knowing his telephone number，I cant ring him up.13Though he knows where I live，he never comes to see me.Knowing where I live ，he never comes to see me.14Work diligently，and youll certainly succeed.Working diligently，youll certainly succeed.15Because it hadn t been repaired for a l
24、ong time，the machine gave out a strange noise.Not having been repaired for a long time，the machine gave out a strange noise.完成句子16On the other hand，I will help set up the English Corner，providing us students a platform to practice our oral English.另一方面，我将帮着建立英语角，提供给我们学生一个练习英语口语的平台。17Having been igno
25、red for a long time，the boy sitting at the back felt bored and went out.因长时间被忽视，坐在后面的那个男孩感到枯燥就出去了。18Not understanding this problem，he asked the teacher about it.因为不理解这个问题，他问了老师。19More highways have been built in China，making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.中国又建了很多高速公路，这
26、使人们的出行变得更容易了。20One evening Harry phoned me，asking me to go to his flat as soon as possible.一天晚上哈里给我打电话，要求我尽快去他的公寓。21It being Sunday，I didnt need to get up early this morning，so I stayed in bed until 9 am.因为是周日，我今早不必早起，所以一直睡到早上九点。能力提升.阅读理解A good book is indeed the best friend of a person.The same goe
27、s for highprofile CEOs of world recognized companies as well.Lets have a look at the favorite books of some worldfamous CEOs.Apple CEOTim Cook，Competing Against Time by George Stalk，Jr.and Thomas MHoutThis book is based on 10 years of precious research done by the authors.It talks about how newer id
28、eas of managing time in new product development，production and sales and distribution(分销) provide companies with the edge to succeed in this highly competitive world.Microsoft CEO (Former)Bill Gates，The Catcher in the Rye by JD. SalingerA few themes explored in the novel are rebellion(叛逆)，anxiety an
29、d confusion.It tells that young people are a little confused，but can be smart about things and see things that adults dont really see.Gates said， “I didnt actually read The Catcher in the Rye until I was 13，and ever since then Ive said thats my favorite book.”Oracle CEOLarry Ellison，Napoleon by Vinc
30、ent CroninThis book is considered by far the best biography(传记) ever written on the great general，Napoleon Bonaparte.Ellison said， “Its interesting to read about him for a couple of reasons： to see what one man of humble birth can do with his life，and to see how history can distort(歪曲 ) the truth en
31、tirely.”OWN CEOOprah Winfrey，To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper LeeThis book talks about how a little girl observes the people around her.Winfrey said， “I read it in eighth or ninth grade，and I was trying to recommend the book to other kids.So it makes sense to me that now I have a book club，because I
32、have been doing that probably since I read this book.”语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。一本好书的确能成为一个人最好的朋友。这对于全球知名公司的 CEO 来说也适用。让我们一起来看看这些知名的 CEO 最爱读的书吧。22What is the theme of Competing Against Time?AHow to increase production.BHow to improve efficiency.CHow to enrich experience.DHow to save energy.答案 B解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“
33、It talks about how newer ideas of managing time.provide companies with the edge to succeed in this highly competitive world.”可知，这本书的主题是在新产品研发、生产、销售和分销方面的时间管理的更新的概念在竞争激烈的世界里如何给公司提供成功的优势，由此可推知，它的内容主要涉及如何提高效率。23Which may be chosen by parents to learn about rebellious kids?ACompeting Against Time. BThe
34、Catcher in the Rye.CNapoleon. DTo Kill a Mockingbird.答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A few themes explored in the novel are rebellion(叛逆)，anxiety and confusion.It tells that young people.”可知，这本书的主题是未成年人的叛逆、焦虑和迷茫，因此父母如果想了解叛逆的孩子，可能会选择这本书。24Who enjoys reading the life story of a great person?ATim Cook. BBill Gate
35、s.CLarry Ellison. DOprah Winfrey.答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“This book is considered by far the best biography(传记) ever written on the great general，Napoleon Bonaparte.”可知， 拿破仑传是关于伟人拿破仑的传记，它是 Larry Ellison 最喜欢的书，故选 C。25What can be inferred from Winfreys words?AShe loved reading when young.BShe read the boo
36、k with other kids.CThe book has an influence on her career.DThe book is about a girls thoughts.答案 C解析 推理判断题。根据题干中的 Winfrey 可把解题关键定位到最后一段，根据本段中的“So it makes sense to me that now I have a book club，because I have been doing that probably since I read this book.”可知， 杀死一只知更鸟这本书促使 Winfrey 成立读书俱乐部，即这本书对她的
37、事业有影响。.完形填空As a boy，I was always small for my age.I was also five years younger than one of my brothers and seven years younger than the other.As a result，I often felt 26 when their friends came over to play.I was either too 27 or too young for whatever they were doing and they didnt want their youn
38、ger brother to listen to their 28 either.More often，I found myself outside playing alone and feeling 29 .I remember one spring afternoon feeling especially 30 as I sat in the yard behind our house.We lived miles from town and I could 31 see my own friends outside of school.I heard my brothers 32 fro
39、m inside the house and felt a single tear coming down my cheek.At that moment I saw a 33 walking over to me.He looked happy. 34 he didnt know me， he 35 me like a longlost friend，licking(舔) my chin and sitting beside me on the spring grass.It must have been for at least an hour that I talked to this
40、fourlegged angel.He let me pour out all my 36 and shared my deepest thoughts before he 37 my cheek goodbye and walked either to heaven or his home.I went back inside feeling 38 ，knowing that no matter what life may hold I was 39 .Now over 40 years later，I still 40 that cute angel with a smile.I beli
41、eve that he was sent at that moment of 41 to remind me how much I am loved.42 ，nothing else in the world brings us greater 43 than knowing we are loved.Knowing we are loved gives us the 44 to love others as well.Knowing we are loved 45 us to make the earth more beautiful.语篇解读 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者是家中较小的孩子，比
42、他大的孩子都不和他玩，因此作者倍感孤独和伤心。有一天一只可爱的狗前来陪伴作者，使他终于有了好心情。26.A.left out Bworn outCcared about Dtalked about答案 A解析 作者的年纪比别人小，大家都不和作者玩，因此作者感到有一种被忽略(leave out)的感觉。wear out 用坏，磨损；care about 关心；talk about 谈论。27A.smart BshyCquiet Dsmall答案 D解析 此处与后面的“or too young”相呼应，故选 D。作者要么个头小 (small)，要么年纪小，别人都不和他玩。28A.arguments
43、 BconversationsCcomplaints Dsongs答案 B解析 哥哥们和别人谈话时不让作者听。conversation 谈话，符合语境。argument 争论；complaint 抱怨； song 歌曲。29A.cheated BneededCforgotten Dprotected答案 C解析 根据语境可知，作者经常独自一人在外面玩，感觉好像被人忘记了。forget 忘记，符合语境。30A.excited BproudCcalm Dlonely答案 D解析 根据上文的内容可知，此处应表示作者感到相当孤独。下文中的“felt a single tear”也是提示。31A.alr
44、eady BrarelyCnever Dalways答案 B解析 因为作者住得离镇子有好几英里远，所以在校外就几乎不(rarely)能看到自己的朋友了。32A.laughing BcryingCsinging Dreading答案 A解析 这是一种强烈的对比，哥哥们在屋子里面有说有笑(laugh) ，玩得非常开心，而作者却暗自流泪。33A.fish BduckCbird Ddog答案 D解析 根据下文中的“licking”和“this fourlegged angel”等提示可知答案。34A.Even though BNow thatCIn case that DAs long as答案 A解
45、 析 根 据 语 境 可 知 ， 虽 然 (even though)它 不 认 识 作 者 但 却 和 作 者 打 招 呼 ， 像 久 别 的 朋 友 一样 。35A.recognized BcalledCgreeted Dhugged答案 C解析 参见上题解析。表示“打招呼”要用 greet。36A.promises BshortcomingsCplans Dtroubles答案 D解析 根据上文的内容可知，这里指令作者感到苦恼的事情(trouble)。37A.touched Bkissed C cleaned Dhit答案 B解析 此处是说作者对这只狗倾诉了至少一个小时后，狗与作者吻别。k
46、iss ones cheek 是固定用法，意为“亲吻某人的脸颊” 。38A.happy BboredCterrible Dconfident答案 A解析 狗在作者最孤独的时候前来陪伴作者并且听作者诉苦，倾诉之后的作者回到家中自然感到好受多了，所以选择 A。39A.praised BrejectedCpunished Dloved答案 D解析 狗的到来也使作者认识到无论生活怎么样，总有人在爱着(love) 自己。40A.doubt BnoticeCbelieve Dremember答案 D解析 四十多年过去了，作者到现在还能够记得(remember)那个可爱的天使。41A.pleasure Bp
47、rideCsadness Danger答案 C解析 上文多处描写了作者的孤独与伤感。作者认为在自己悲伤(sadness)的时刻它被派来提醒自己被深深地爱着。42A.In total BIn allCIn truth DIn detail答案 C解析 此处是作者的感悟。in truthin fact 实际上。in all 总计，与 in total 是同义词。in detail 详细地。43A.difficulty BdangerCjoy Dsuccess答案 C解析 实际上没有什么比知道我们被爱会更加让我们高兴(joy)的了。44A.strength BsuggestionCwarning Dlimit答案 A解析 知道有人爱着我们会使我们有力量(strength)去爱他人。45A.forces BpersuadesCforbids Dhelps答案 D解析 本句与上一句形成递进关系，故 helps 符合语境，即“知道我们被爱帮助我们使地球变得更美好” 。.语法填空It is hard to believe but it is a whole decade 46 Apple launched the first iPhone in 2007.During this time，t
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