1、考点十九 生态环保类A限时 10 分钟Known as “wolf girl” at her West Warwick, RI school, Alyssa Grayson has spent much of her young life teaching others to protect and respect animals After starting a wolf club in the second grade, Alyssa learned all she could about her favorite animals Today, she gives presentation
2、s about protecting wolves at libraries and schoolsshes even spoken at a university In fact, shes become such a wolf expert that she was appointed as the first junior advisor to the National Wolfwatcher CoalitionWhen shes not teaching others about wolves, Alyssa can be found volunteering at her local
3、 animal shelter, taking care of dogs and cats Shes also trained as a citizen scientist for FrogWatch USA In short, Alyssa Grayson proves that you are never too young to make a difference for animalsWhen asked how she got interested in saving wolves, Alyssa says, “Ive loved wolves since I saw them in
4、 a movie when I was 2 or 3 years old Then one day I saw a commercial about wolf hunting I asked my mother why people do this, and she told me because people dont like wolves I decided from then on that I wanted to save wolves ”Today, wolves are hunted, trapped, or poisoned Hunters chase wolves for m
5、iles in an airplane until the wolves are too exhausted to run anymore Then they shoot them The animal doesnt have a chance to escape Animals are also trapped for their fur They are left to suffer in a trap with no food, water, or shelter Alyssa thinks the fur looks better on the animal in the wild,
6、where its meant to be, than on a humanAlyssa believes wolves are important to our worlds She says, “Wolves are an apex predator, which means they are at the top of the food chain Removing them from the ecosystem is a big mistake The ecosystem is like a chain of dominoes (多米诺骨牌 )with the apex predato
7、r as the one in front If you were to knock down that domino, the rest of the chain would go down too ”People usually think of “the Big Bad Wolf” when they hear about wolves However, Alyssa says, “If they would base their thoughts on facts, not fairy tales, we wouldnt have people wanting to kill wolv
8、es ”1Alyssa is known as “wolf girl” at her school because _Ashe keeps wolves as petsBshe was raised by wolvesCshe does a lot to protect wolvesDshe started a wolf club at her school答案：C 细节理解题。根据文章首句中的“has spent to protect and respect animals”以及下文所述她喜欢狼并呼吁大家保护狼这一物种可知，阿莉莎在学校中被称为“狼女” ，是因为她用她的青春教会了其他人保护和
9、尊重狼。故选 C。2According to the first two paragraphs, Alyssa _Agained knowledge about wolves at librariesBcares about other animals besides wolvesCstarted to give presentations since the second gradeDis the first junior citizen scientist for FrogWatch USA答案：B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段描述可知，她除了关心狼之外，还照顾其他的动物，如猫和狗。故选 B
10、。3Paragraph 4 is mainly about _Awhy wolves are killedBwhy wolves are trappedCthe tools used to hunt wolvesDhow wolves are treated答案：D 段落大意题。文章第四段主要讲述了狼被猎杀 、被围困或被毒亡的事实。人们为了它们的皮毛不断地去猎杀它们，不给它们逃生的机会，所以该段讲述了狼是被如何对待的。故选 D。4From the last paragraph we can infer that Alyssa _Adoesnt need fairy talesBdoesnt b
11、elieve in fairy talesCencourages people to find out the facts about wolvesDbelieves that more people will work to save wolves答案：C 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，当人们提到狼的时候往往说“大坏狼” 。如果人们把想法建立在事实的基础上，而不是童话上，我们人类就没有人想要杀死它们了。因此可推知，阿莉莎鼓励人们客观地对待狼，看到狼真实的一面。故选 C。B限时 10 分钟Drive through any suburb in the US today, and its har
12、d to miss the recycling bins that have become companions to Americas trash cans Recycling has become common, as people recognize the need to care for the environment Yet most peoples recycling consciousness extends only as far as paper, bottles, and cans People seldom find themselves facing the grow
13、ing problem of ewasteEwaste rapidly increases as the technofashionable frequently upgrade to the most advanced devices, and the majority of them end up in landfills (垃圾填埋地) Some people who track such waste say that users throw away nearly 2 million tons of TVs, VCRs, computers, cell phones, and othe
14、r electronics every year Unless we can find a safe replacement, this ewaste may get into the ground and poison the water with dangerous toxins (毒素), such as lead, mercury, and arsenic Burning the waste also dangerously contaminates the airHowever, ewaste often contains reusable silver, gold, and oth
15、er electrical materials Recycling these materials reduces environmental problems by reducing both landfill waste and the need to look for such metals, which can destroy ecosystemsA growing number of states have adopted laws to ban dumping ewaste Still, less than a quarter of this waste will reach la
16、wful recycling programs Some companies advertising safe disposal in fact merely ship the waste to some developing countries, where it still ends up in landfills These organizations prevent progress by unsafely disposing of waste in an outofsight, outofmind locationHowever, the small but growing numb
17、er of cities and corporations that do handle ewaste responsibly represents progress toward making the world a cleaner, better place for us all5What can we infer from the first paragraph?AMany Americans now have access to recycling binsBEwaste cannot be put into trash cans in the USCMost Americans ha
18、ve realized the dangers of ewasteDMost of Americas trash cans are made of recycled material 答案：A 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知， 在美国，废弃物的回收利用变得很普遍，因为人们已经意识到需要关注环境。所以，A 项(很多美国人可以利用回收箱) 符合题意，故选 A。6What can best replace the underlined word “contaminates” in Paragraph 2?APollutes BHeatsCAbsorbs DReduces答案：A 词义猜测题。根据第
19、二段中的“this ewaste may get into the ground and poison the water with dangerous toxins (毒素), such as lead, mercury, and arsenic”可知 ，这些电子污染会进入土地，污染到水源，那么燃烧污染物可能会污染空气。由此可推断出 contaminates 的意思与 pollutes 相近，即“毒害，污染” ，故选 A。7How does the author feel about burying ewaste in landfills?AIts important BIts unsafe
20、CIts acceptable DIts uncommon答案：B 推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句中的“this ewaste may get into the ground and poison the water”和第四段尾句中的“These organizations prevent progress by unsafely ”可知，只是把电子垃圾放在看不见的垃圾填埋场，但仍旧不安全，因为它还在那里，分析选项可知 B 正确。8Whats the authors purpose in writing this text?ATo tell us how to recycle ewasteB
21、To talk about the future of ewasteCTo discuss if its necessary to recycle ewaste DTo encourage us to deal with ewaste properly答案：D 推理判断题。通读全文可知，人们对垃圾的回收普遍关注 ，回收普通垃圾已经成为习惯。但随着科技的发展，合理回收电子垃圾成为现代废弃物回收的重点。故本文的目的是鼓励我们合理处理电子垃圾，故选 D。C限时 8 分钟About 5,000 children die each day because of preventable diseases
22、such as cholera and dysentery (痢疾 ), which spread when people use unclean water for drinking or cooking A lack of water for personal health leads to the spread of totally preventable diseases like trachoma, which has blinded some six million peopleWater troubles also trap many lowincome families in
23、a cycle of poverty and poor education and the poorest suffer most from lack of access to water People who spend much of their time on ill health, caring for sick children, or collecting water at a distance averaging 375 miles a day dont have educational and economic chances to better their livesAgri
24、culture is called the lions share of clean water worldwide, using some 70 percent, and industrial use needs another 22 percent Water areas have no political borders and nations dont always work together to share common resources, so water can be a frequent source of international problems as wellDay
25、byday demand keeps growing, further draining water sources, from great rivers to groundwater “Were going deeper into debt on our groundwater use， ” Postel said, “and that has great effects on global water safety The rate of groundwater use has doubled since 1960 ”Some of Earths groundwater is fossil
26、 water created when Earths climate was far different Today such water is as limited as petrol “But were pumping much of them out faster than ever， ” Postel explained “Mans growing thirst also causes a major problem about water and our ecosystems And that also creates a cost to us, to our sons and to
27、 our grandsons, not just to nature ”9What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?AWater shortage has been a most serious challengeBSo many children die of polluted water every dayCDiseases should be properly controlled and treatedDWasting water leads to the unrest of the world答案：A 主旨大意题。本文讲述了
28、目前在全世界范围内 ，水资源短缺给人们的健康、生活、经济等带来的不利影响，水资源短缺是人类面临的一个相当严峻的挑战。10Why is agriculture called the lions share of clean water?ABecause agriculture is much stronger than industryBBecause more people live on the agricultural produceCBecause agriculture uses about twothirds of clean waterDBecause nations dont a
29、lways work together to save water答案：C 细节理解题。依据文中第三段第一句中的“using some 70 percent, and industrial use needs another 22 percent”可知， 世界上约 70%的清洁水被农业生产耗用，农业是消耗清洁水最多的产业。11According to what Postel said we can know _Agroundwater is rich for us to useBthere is no need to dig deep for groundwaterCwe are using
30、our next generations waterDwe should use river water instead of groundwater答案：C 推理判断题。依据最后两段中 Postel 的话 ，尤其是第五段最后一句可知，我们正在消耗我们子孙的水资源。12What can we infer from the passage?AWe shouldnt use water from riversBWe should protect our ecosystemsCWater should be distributed equallyDLaws should be passed for
31、groundwater答案：B 推理判断题。文章在讲述水资源的重要性，且用具体例子和数据进行证明；再结合尾段倒数第二句“Mans growing thirst also causes a major problem about water and our ecosystems ”可推知，我们要保护我们的生态系统。D限时 8 分钟Our planet Earth is comparatively small, with only about 24,902 miles around the equator (赤道) Its surface area may seem largest at 196,
32、935,000 square miles, but of this, 71% is covered by sea The actual land surface covers some 57,500,000 square miles29% of the total surface areaOnce again, this seems vast until we take into account the largely uninhabited regions such as the huge wastes of the Arctic and Antarctic, the deserts and
33、 wetlands These regions are not always totally uninhabited, but they can usually support only very small populationsAt present there is still enough space on Earth for humans and wildlife, but what of the future? Our world cannot grow any larger, yet the human population keeps growing every year! As
34、 of July 2008, there were almost 67 billion people on the planet, and current estimates (估计) suggest that the population could be as high as 91 billion by as soon as 2050While the birth rate is slowing a little in parts of the Northern Hemisphere, in many other parts of the world, including developi
35、ng countries, populations continue to grow This population explosion is responsible for most world environmental problems today; so whether our main concern is to breathe cleaner air, to drink purer water, to eliminate (消除) pollution, to protect wildlife and countryside, to produce more food to eat
36、or to reach a higher standard of living generally, our chances of achieving any of these things become faint as the population increases sharply The Earths resources are vast but limited We have a tendency to look to the short term, rather than seeing the bigger picture of the futureThis is why it i
37、s so important that young people learn about looking after the planetso that future generations of adults act responsibly with regard to the environment and create a future that is continuable, both for humans and all the other species with which we share our world13What does the author worry about?
38、AHow to find ways to live in uninhabited regionsBThe Earth is turning smaller and smallerCWhether there is enough space for creatures in the futureDWhat people will live on in the future 答案：C 推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句中的疑问句“but what of the future？ ”可以推断出，作者对于在将来人和野生生物是否还有足够的生存空间感到担心。故选 C。14According to the te
39、xt, we can infer that _Athe population will increase by about 06 billion every ten yearsBthe birth rate around the equator is a little lowCpopulation explosion is caused by environmental problemsDmore population brings more resources答案：A 推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句可知 ，从 2008 年的大约 67亿人口到 2050 年的 91 亿人口，在 42 年中，
40、人口大约要增长 24 亿，即每十年大约增长 6 亿。故选 A。由第四段第一句可知，北半球的某些地区人口出生率偏低，故 B 项错误；由第四段第二句可知，大部分环境问题是由急剧增多的人口造成的，故 C 项错误；D 项不合常理。15What does the underlined word “faint” mean?AImportant BSlightCNecessary DInteresting答案：B 词义猜测题。画线词前面提到人们想要呼吸更清洁的空气、喝更纯净的水、消除污染、保护野生生物和乡村、生产出更多的食物或普遍地达到一个更高的生活标准，然而人口数量的急剧增加，使人们实现这些想法的机会都变
41、得微小了。故可推断出，faint 的意思是“微小的；可能性不大的” ，对比选项可知，slight “微小的”含义与其相近。故选 B。16Which of the following ideas is suggested by the author?ATaking strong measures to control the birth rateBSaving the Earths natural resourcesCCalling on the young to care for the planetDProtecting the endangered species答案：C 推理判断题。根据
42、文章的最后一段可知，作者呼吁年轻人关爱地球，以便保护人类和其他物种未来的生存空间。故选 C。A限时 10 分钟(2018浙江高考 )Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks His strange habit makes sense when you consider that hes an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the roa
43、d What is even more interesting is that one of Steins jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bagAmericans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts (收
44、银台) The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles Eyeing these headwinds,_plasticbag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assumeAmong the bag makers arguments: many cities with bans
45、still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground todayThe industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared
46、as its replacement: reusable shopping bags The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plasticbag use it cancels out However, longerlasting reusable bags often require more energy to make One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the plan
47、et than plasticEnvironmentalists dont dispute (质疑) these points They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years1What has Steven Stein been hired to do?AHelp increase grocery salesBRecycle the waste materialCStop things falling off trucksDArgu
48、e for the use of plastic bags答案：D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句并结合第二段最后一句中的“plasticbag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume”可知，塑料袋制造商雇佣 Stein 这样的科学家来为塑料购物袋的使用进行辩护。故选 D。2What does the word “headwinds” in Paragraph 2 refer to?ABans on plastic bagsBEffects of city developmentCHeadaches caused by garbageDPlastic bags hung in trees答案：A 词义猜测题。画线词是承接其上一句的内容描述 ，指在包括
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