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    2020年新课标通用高考英语一轮训练:专题一 语法基础考点七 情态动词和虚拟语气

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    2020年新课标通用高考英语一轮训练:专题一 语法基础考点七 情态动词和虚拟语气

    1、考点七 情态动词和虚拟语气限时 25 分钟一、单句语法填空1We _ (enjoy) the sunshine in Sanya now if it were not for the delay of our flight答案:would be enjoying 句意:要不是耽搁了航班,我们现在正在三亚享受阳光。根据后面的“now” 和“if it were not for ”可知,此处是对现在状况的虚拟,故主句用 would be doing。2When I was small, my mom _ read me stories at night答案:would 句意:当我小时候,我母亲常常

    2、在晚上给我读故事。would “过去常常” ,表示过去的习惯性的行为。3The accident _ have been caused by a dog running across the road, but we dont know for sure答案:might 句意:事故可能是由一条横穿马路的狗引起的,但我们不确定。分析句子可知,本句是对过去动作的推测,可能性不大,故填 might。4He looked so hungry as though he _ (eat) a decent meal for a month答案:hadnt eaten 句意:他看起来如此饿好像已有一个月没有吃

    3、过一顿像样的饭了。由主句中的 looked 可知,as if/though 后面跟过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。5I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour, otherwise, I _ (keep) you waiting for such a long time答案:wouldnt have kept 句意:我在交通堵塞中被困了一个多小时,否则我不会让你等这么长时间。句中用了虚拟语气,otherwise 说明的从句内容和过去事实相反,指如果不被交通阻塞困住,主句谓语动词用“would/should/could/might have过去分词”

    4、形式。6Although passing the driving test _ be difficult now, its worth the efforts答案:can 句意:虽然现在通过驾驶考试可能是困难的,但付出的努力是值得的。此处用 can 表示有时可能会 ,故填 can。7My mother _ (be) angry with me, but I couldnt shut my mouth before I shouted at her!答案:wouldnt have been 句意:我母亲本来不会对我生气的,但在我对她大叫之前,我不能闭上嘴!wouldnt have done “本

    5、来不会做某事” 。 8Im not sure of the reason for the dogs illness, but it _ (cause) by eating too much答案:may have been caused 句意:我不能肯定狗生病的原因,但它也许是因为吃得太多了。根据前句“Im not sure of the reason for the dogs illness”可知,这里为不肯定的推测,故用 may have done “可能做某事” ;由于 dogs illness与 cause 之间为被动关系,故答案为 may have been caused。9Can I

    6、 pay the bill by check?Sorry, sir But it is the rule of our hotel that payment _ be made in cash答案:shall 句意:我可以用支票付账吗?对不起,先生。但这是我们酒店的规定,应当以现金付款。shall 可以在法律条文、规章制度中表示规定或义务等,此处是旅馆的规定。10Passengers _ talk to the driver while the bus is moving, because it will take his focus off the road答案:mustnt 句意:当公共汽

    7、车开动时,乘客不得与司机交谈 ,因为这将把他的注意力从路上转移开来。此处表示“禁止,不允许” ,故用 mustnt。11David didnt attend his daughters graduation ceremony, but he does wish he _ (be) there答案:had been 句意:戴维没有参加女儿的毕业典礼,但他确实希望他能在那里。这里 wish 后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气, 与过去的事实相反,用过去完成时。12Even a small personal computer _ store vast amounts of information答案:can

    8、句意:即使是一台小型个人电脑也能储存大量的信息。此处表示一种能力,故填 can。13The report is scheduled to be handed in tomorrow, so he _ (attend) the concert with his family yesterday 答案:couldnt have attended 句意:这份报告定于明天提交,昨天他不可能和家人去听音乐会。couldnt have done 表示对过去事情有把握的否定推测,意为“不可能已经做了某事” 。14I am sorry I am very busy now If I _ (have) time

    9、, I would certainly go to the movies with you答案:had 根据前面的“I am sorry I am very busy now ”可知,是对现在的虚拟,if 从句中使用一般过去时。15It _ well be the largest cathedral in the world答案:may 句意:它很可能是世界上最大的大教堂。may 与 well 连用,表“很可能” 。16Most green tea drinkers do not add milk or sugar, but you _ if you like答案:can 句意:大部分喝绿茶的

    10、人不 (往茶里)加牛奶或糖 ,但是如果你喜欢,你可以加。can 表示许可 ,符合句意。17The head teacher demanded that the paper _ (finish) after class答案:(should) be finished demand 后的宾语从句应该用虚拟语气,即“(should)动词原形” ,由于 finish 与 the paper 之间存在动宾关系,所以用被动语态。18How I wish I _ (have) the chance to watch the football games with my father, who was a re

    11、porter there答案:had had wish 从句用虚拟语气,根据逗号后面的非限制性定语从句中的谓语动词 was 可知,这里表示的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,因此应用过去完成时。19There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party You _ (come), but why didnt you?答案:should have come 句意:昨天的聚会很有趣。你本应该来,为什么没来呀?should have done sth表示本应该做某事而实际上没做。20Antarctica was so mystically described by some

    12、people If only I _ (be) there!答案:had been 句意:南极洲被一些人描述得很神奇。如果我去过那里就好了!if only “要是就好了”引导的句子应使用虚拟语气,表示与过去情况相反的假设,应使用过去完成时,故答案为 had been。21It _ (be) Mr Black because he is away on a trip to China答案:cant be 句意:那人不可能是布莱克先生,因为他去中国旅游了。根据 because 引导的原因状语从句的内容可知,说话者的推测是很有把握的。表示非常有把握的否定推测应该用 cant。22You _ as w

    13、ell tell us now; well find out sooner or later答案:may/might 句意:你最好现在告诉我们,我们迟早会查明的。may/might as well 是固定搭配 ,意为“最好,倒不如 ”。23The door _ open, no matter how hard she pushed答案:wouldnt 句意:无论她怎么用力推,门总是打不开。主语 The door为物,且 pushed 表示过去,故填 wouldnt 表示一种倾向性。24_ it rain tomorrow, we would have to cancel the footbal

    14、l match答案:Should 本句中条件句是对将来状况的虚拟,当条件句中有助动词had, were, should 时,可以将 if 省略,把这些助动词放在句首,构成倒装结构。25_ you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone?Sorry, sir, but its urgent答案:Must 根据第二个问句可知 ,此处应用 must, 意为“非要,偏要” ,用来告诉某人他的举止使你很生气或困扰。二、单句改错1If he studies at this school, he would know you well _答案:studiess

    15、tudied 句意:如果他在这所学校学习的话,他会对你很熟悉。根据后面的主句“would know”可知,本句是对现在的虚拟,故从句应该用一般过去时。2The order came that the medical supplies are sent to the countryside _答案:are(should) be 此句中 that 引导同位语从句 ,解释前面的 order 的内容,order 后面的从句应该使用虚拟语气“(should) do”的结构,故将 are 改为be。3He mustnt be a basketball player, because he is much

    16、too short _答案:mustntcant 句意:他不可能是一个篮球运动员,因为他个子矮。表示不可能,应该是 cant,表示否定的推测,而 mustnt 表示“禁止” 。4Roberts new book about space exploration is fantastic You simply could read it _答案:couldmust 句意:罗伯特写的关于太空探索的新书太好了,你一定要读一读。根据句意可知应用 must,故将 could 改为 must。 5Has he learnt about computer, we would have hired him to

    17、 work here _答案:Has Had 句意:如果他懂一些电脑知识的话,我们就聘用他来这里工作了。当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有 were, should, had 时,if 可省略,而将were, should, had 置于句首。6If we booked a table earlier, we wouldnt be standing here in a queue_答案:booked 前加 had 句意:如果早一点定位子的话 ,现在我们就不用站在这里排队了。此处表示与过去事实相反的假设,故在 booked 前加 had。7All of us love the weekends, bec

    18、ause we cant get up early on Saturdays and Sundays _答案:cant neednt 根据语境 ,表示不必,而不是不能 ,故将 cant 改为neednt。8He might have gone to bed, for the light was out_答案:mightmust 句意:他一定已经上床睡觉了,因为灯已经灭了。must have done 表示对过去已经发生的事情的肯定推测。might have done “可能做过某事” ,表示对过去已经发生的事情把握不大的推测。9He commanded that roads built to

    19、link castles across the land_答案:built 前加(should) be command 后面的宾语从句应用虚拟语气,且roads 和 build 之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,故在 built 前加(should) be 。10We must go to the concert tonight, but we are not sure yet_答案:must may 句意:我们今天晚上有可能去听音乐会,但是还不确定。must 表示肯定的猜测,而 may “可能会”表示把握不大的推测。11I wish I was a bird and could fly free

    20、ly in the blue sky_答案:was were wish 后的从句常用虚拟语气,根据语境可知,这里应表示与现在情况相反的虚拟语气,be 动词常用 were。12You need have studied that late last night It was harmful to your health_答案:needneednt 由后面的句子可知,前一句句意为“昨天晚上你不必学到那么晚” ,因此应用 need 的否定形式。neednt have done “本不必做某事(而实际上做了) ”。13It has been announced that students might

    21、remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected_答案:mightshall 句意:根据宣布的内容,学生必须留在自己的座位上直到所有的试卷收完为止。在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示规定或义务等,应用 shall。14We would as well stay where we are, because the outside is unsafe_答案:wouldmay/might 句意:我们最好待在现在待的地方,因为外面不安全。 “may/might as well动词原形”为固定用法,意思是“不妨做,最好做” 。15W

    22、e can have visited Peking University, but we spent too much time shopping_答案:cancould 句意:我们原本可以参观北京大学的,但是我们购物花了太多时间。could have done sth “本能做某事(而实际上未做)” ,表示对过去未能实现的动作的一种责备或惋惜之情。情态动词一、can/could1表示能力:can 表示现在的能力, could 表示过去的能力;2表可能性:一般用于否定句及疑问句中,could 也可用于肯定句,can 用于肯定句中时表示理论上的可能性或一时的可能性,常译为“有时候会” ;3表示许

    23、可:could 表示委婉、客气的语气,但回答时必须用 can。Although he is only four, he can play the pianoThat cant be Mary, for she is in hospitalCan I use your computer for a while?Could I borrow your bicycle?Yes, you can/No, you cant 二、may/might1表示请求、允许时,might 比 may 更委婉、客气;2表推测:表示把握性不大的推测,might 表示的可能性比 may 更小; may/might as

    24、well do sth “不妨做某事;还是做某事为好” 。Might I use your computer?This pen may be TomsYou may_as_well_start at once三、shall/should1shall 用于第一、三人称作主语的疑问句中,表示征求对方的意见;2shall 用于第二、三人称作主语的陈述句中,表示命令、警告、许诺等;3shall 还可用在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示规定或义务等;4should 表示“应该” ,表主观,而 ought to(应该)表示客观; 5should 可表示推测,意为“应该会;想必会” ;6should 还可表示惊

    25、讶、意外等,意为“竟然” 。Shall he come in or wait outside?You shall hand in the report tomorrowYou should be careful when crossing the streetI dont know why you should think that I did it四、must/have to1must 表示非常有把握的推测,仅用于肯定句中;2表示“必须;不得不” ,must 侧重主观,have to 侧重客观;3must 还可表示“偏要,非要” ,表示说话者不耐烦或与自己愿望相反;4在回答 must 的问句

    26、时,否定回答通常用 neednt 或 dont have to (mustnt 表禁止,不表义务 )。You must be tired nowIf you must know the secret, I can tell youMust I clean the room at once?Yes, you mustNo, you neednt/dont_have_to五、will/would1表示意愿、决心等;2用于第二人称作主语的疑问句中表示请求;3表示习惯或反复发生的动作,will 表示现在,would 表示过去;4表示按规律“注定会” 。I wont argue with youWoul

    27、d you mind closing the door?Oil will float on waterWe would sit around Grandpa after supper, listening to his stories六、need/dareneed “需要” ,dare “敢” ,二者都既可作情态动词也可作实义动词。You neednt come so earlyShe dare_not go out alone at nightThat boy says it as loudly as he daresI need_to_go to Beijing this Sunday t

    28、o attend a book fair七、 “情态动词have done”结构must have done “过去肯定/准是/一定发生了”(表肯定推测),否定式为:cant/couldnt have doneshould/ought to have done “本应该做而实际未做”shouldnt/oughtnt to have done “本不该做而实际做了”neednt have done “本不必做而实际做了”might/could have done “可能做了”could have done “本来能够做”限时 25 分钟一、单句语法填空1(2018北京高考 )In todays

    29、information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company答案:can 句意:在当今信息时代 ,数据丢失有时会给一个公司造成严重的问题。can 表示“有时会 ”。 2(2018北京高考 )They might have found a better hotel if they _ (drive) a few more kilometers答案:had driven 句意:如果他们再开几公里的话,他们就会发现一个更好的旅馆了。分析主句中 might have found 可知, 是对过去的推测,从句中应使用过去

    30、完成时,故填 had driven。3(2018天津高考 )I cant find my purse I _ (leave) it in the supermarket yesterday, but Im not sure答案:could/might have left 句意:我找不到我的钱包了。昨天我有可能把它落到超市了,但我不确定。根据句子中的时间状语“yesterday”可知,是对过去事情的推测,故用“情态动词have done”的结构。再根据后面的“but Im not sure”可知,表示不太肯定的推测 ,故用 could/might have left。4(2018天津高考 )If

    31、 we _ (catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now答案:had caught 句意:如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话,现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语“yesterday”可知 ,从句表示与过去事实相反的假设,故用 had done。5(2018江苏高考 )Its strange that he _ have taken the books without the owners permission答案:should 句意:真奇怪,他竟然未经主人允许就拿走了这些书。在句

    32、型“It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that ”中,其中由 that引导的主语从句中用“should动词原形” 。 6(2018江苏高考 )There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _ (have) a second chance to become more involved答案:had 句意:在这个村里有很好的社交生活,我希望还有第二次机会去更多地参与。本题考查 wish 引导的宾语从句, 表示与现在事实相反的愿望,所以从句用一般过去时。7(20

    33、17天津高考 )An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human “_ (be) watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment答案:(should) be insist 表示“坚决要求”讲时,后面的从句要用虚拟语气。8(2017江苏高考 )Son:Mum, _ we go and see a film tonight?Mother:Why bother? We can stay a

    34、t home and watch films online Its convenient with our new and faster network答案:shall 儿子征询妈妈的意见问是否可以晚上出去看电影。shall 用在第一、三人称的疑问句中表示征求对方的意见或者建议。9(2018山西太原高三期末)Secondly, we _ to show our respect for our parents and do what we can to help them答案:ought 句意:第二,我们应当尊敬我们的父母并且尽力去帮助他们 。ought to “应当,应该” ,表示一种责任和义

    35、务。10(2017江苏高考 )_ (be) it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty答案:Were 句意:如果没有老师们的支持,这名学生不可能战胜困难。此处表示与现在事实相反的假设,从句中谓语动词用 were;在非真实条件句中,如果 if 从句中有 should, had 或 were 时,可以省略 if,而把 should, had 或 were提至主语前,形成部分倒装,故答案为 Were。11(2018河北唐山一次调研)Knowing his sons deat

    36、h could _ (avoid) if he had only called the doctor, he always felt he was guilty答案:have been avoided 句意:得知要是他请了医生的话,他儿子就不会死,他总是感到很内疚。his sons death 与 avoid 为被动关系,故设空处需用被动语态;设空处是对过去的事情的假设,设空处前为情态动词,故需用“情态动词have been过去分词”形式,因此填 have been avoided。12(2016浙江高考 )_ (have) the governments and scientists not

    37、 worked together, AIDSrelated deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005答案:Had 句意:如果政府和科学家没有共同努力,与艾滋病相关的死亡就不会从 2005 年的最高点下降。本句为虚拟语气,从句省略了 if,并使用了倒装句式。根据主句的“would not have fallen in 2005”可知,这里是表示对过去的虚拟,所以用 had。13(2016北京高考 )Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _ (te

    38、ll) me, I could have helped答案:had told 句意:上个星期你为什么不告诉我你的麻烦事?如果你告诉我了,我就能帮你。表示与过去事实相反的假设,从句用过去完成时,主句谓语用“情态动词have done”。14(2017北京高考 )Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, _ easily reach the books on the top shelf答案:can 句意:Samuel 是我们班里最高的男孩,他可以轻松地够到书架顶层的书。can “能够” ,表示能力,符合语境。15(2017天津高考 )Do you have Bet

    39、tys phone number?Yes Otherwise, I _ (be) able to reach her yesterday答案:wouldnt have been 句意:你有 Betty 的电话号码吗?有,否则,昨天我就不能联系到她了。设空处是对过去发生的事情的虚拟,应该用would have done 结构,此处要用否定形式。16(2017北京高考 )If the new safety system _ (put) to use, the accident would never have happened答案:had been put 句意:如果新的安全系统被投入使用,这起事

    40、故就不会发生了。根据题干中的主句谓语部分“would never have happened”可知,此处是对过去发生的事进行虚拟,因此 if 引导的从句谓语部分应为 had done。再结合语境,可知用被动语态。17(2017天津高考 )My room is a mess, but I _ clean it before I go out tonight I can do it in the morning答案:neednt 句意:我的房间很乱 ,但是在今晚外出之前我不必打扫它,我可以早晨打扫。设空处表示不必,所以用 neednt。18(2018天津模拟 )In winter, you _ n

    41、ever be too cautious when you are driving in snow答案:can 句意:在冬天 ,你在雪地里开车时怎么小心都不过分 。cannot too 表示“无论怎样都不过分” ,cannot 可用 can never 代替。19(2018浙江温州八校联考)Since you have such good preparations, there _ not be any problems about passing the coming job interview答案:should 句意:既然你准备得很充分,通过即将到来的工作面试应该没问题。根据 since

    42、提供的原因“准备充分”可以判断出,此处表示应该不会有问题,表推测,故本空填情态动词 should。20(2019郑州质检 )Today I am very busy I would rather that you _ (come) tomorrow答案:came 句意:我今天很忙,我宁愿你明天过来。would rather 后的从句用虚拟语气,表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词要用过去式。21(2018哈尔滨师大附中高三二模)We waste so much time on social media, television commercials and worrying about life wh

    43、ich we _ (use) to practice a hobby答案:could have used 句意:我们把太多的时间浪费在社交媒体上、电视广告上及对生活的担心上,而这些时间我们本可以用来从事一个业余爱好的。本可以做某事而没有做,使用“could have done” 的形式 。22(2019昆明市高三摸底调研)When Muir discovered the Yosemite Valley in the Sierra Nevadas, it was as if he _ (come) home答案:had come 句意:当米尔在内华达山脉发现了约塞米蒂山谷的时候,就好像回到了家一样。as if 连接的句子是对过去的一种假设,使用过去完成时。故填 had come。 23(2018太原市高三第二次模拟)Morgan knew that more lives _ (save) if he had been called sooner答案:might have been saved 句意:摩根知道如果早点给他打电话的话,更多的生命将得到拯救。根据 if 从句是对过去的假设并分析句意可知 ,主句中谓语动词使用 might have been saved。24(2018


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