1、Period Four GrammarThe Attributive Clause () (that，which ，who，whose)感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题1But the one million people of the city，who thought little of these events，were asleep as usual that night.2It was felt in Beijing，which is more than two hundred kilometres away.3A huge crack that was eight kilometr
2、es long and thirty metres wide cut across houses，roads and canals.4The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.5Then ，later that afternoon，another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.6The army organized teams to dig out those w
3、ho were trapped and to bury the dead.7Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.1以上定语从句由关系词 who，which，that ，whose 引导，修饰名词或代词，置于被修饰词的后面。2关系代词 which，that ，who 在定语从句中可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语。3关系代词 whose 在定语从句中作 定语。在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的主要
4、作用是连接主句和从句，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代词有 that，which，who，whom，whose 等；关系副词有 when，where，why 等。一、关系代词的用法1who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。The number of people who were killed in the accident was over 100.在那次事故中丧生的人数超过了 100。He is the man who I met yesterday.他就是我昨天遇见的那个人。2whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。The boy (whom)
5、 the teacher often praises is their monitor.老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。注意：(1)关系代词 whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用 who/that 来代替。The boy (who/whom/that) we saw yesterday was Johns brother.昨天我们看到的那个男孩是约翰的哥哥。(2)在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，用 whom，不用 who。The man to whom you spoke just now is a relative of mine.刚才和你说话的人是我的一个亲戚。3which 指
6、物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。The gold medal (which) she won has been given to her old school.她获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。4that 既可以指人，相当于 who 或 whom；也可以指物，相当于 which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。The woman (that) I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.我在报纸上读过那位女士的相关报道，她刚刚赢得一枚金牌。The report (that) Mr Turner ha
7、nded in was about the motor race.特纳先生递交的报告是关于汽车比赛的。注意：(1)宜用 that 不宜用 which 的情况当先行词是 all，little ，much ，something ，anything ，everything，nothing，some 等不定代词时。All that can be done has been done.一切能做的都已经做完了。当先行词被 all，every ，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，the right，the last， just 等修饰时。Music is the
8、only thing that interests me.音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的最有趣的故事。当先行词中既有人又有物时。She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most.她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。当主语是以 which 开头的特殊疑问句时。Which are the boo
9、ks that you bought for me?哪些是你买给我的书？(2)宜用 which 不宜用 that 的情况关系代词前有介词时。The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.我过去住的房子现在已经变成了一家鞋店。在非限制性定语从句中。Have you ever read the book，which was written by a young girl？你读过这本由一个年轻女孩写的书吗？(3)宜用 who 不宜用 that 的情况当先行词是指人的不定代词时，如：one，ones，anyone。Anyone who
10、 does that must be mad.谁那样做都一定是疯了。当先行词是 I，you，he，they 等人称代词时(常用于谚语中)。He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。当先行词为指人的 those 时。Those who have good manners will be highly respected.那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的高度尊重。在 there be 结构中，先行词指人时。There is a young man who wants to see you.有一个年轻人想见你。5whose 通
11、常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。This is the person whose story surprised everybody.就是这个人的故事让所有人感到吃惊。The classroom whose door is broken can hold 40 students.那间被弄坏了门的教室能容纳 40 个学生。二、使用定语从句的注意事项1关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。The suitcase that/which lies on the ground is hers.地上放的那个手提箱是她的。注意：“one of复数名词” 作先行词，谓
12、语动词用复数形式；“the only one of复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.这是查尔斯狄更斯所写的书中的其中一本。He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.他是我们班男生中唯一一个学过法语的。2为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。译昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。误The film ( that/which) we saw it las
13、t night is very frightening.正The film ( that/which) we saw last night is very frightening.3关系代词的省略。(1)关系代词作主语时不能省略。(2)作动词宾语的关系代词可以省略。作介词宾语的关系代词，如果不直接位于介词后，可省略；如果直接作介词的宾语，不能省略。We visited the house (that/which) Lu Xun once lived in.We visited the house in which Lu Xun once lived.我们参观了鲁迅曾住过的房子。(3)关系代词
14、which 在非限制性定语从句中不能省略。单句语法填空1Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.(2018全国)2Kate，whose sister I shared a room with when we were at college，has
15、 gone to work in Australia.(2018天津)3Many westerners who/that come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.(2018浙江)4Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both，which is not good for the health.(2017全国)5But Sarah， who has taken par
16、t in shows along with top models，wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.(2017全国)6My eldest son，whose work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment.(2017天津)7The little problems that/which we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.(2017北京)8I liv
17、e next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.(2016北京).单句语法填空1We dont know the number of people who/that lost their homes in the disaster.2Those who want to go to the English party must be at the school gate by 7：30 pm.3The first museum that he visited in China was the History Mus
18、eum.4The film that/which you are looking forward to seeing will be on tomorrow.5I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake.6It is the tallest building that Daming has seen ever since he came here.7My father bought a new bike for me whose price added up to more than 1,000 yuan.8She
19、 said she would do anything that could help her mother recover from the disease.9Anyone who has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.10The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.用定语从句合并句子11Do you know the man? The man spoke to the headmaster just now.Do you know the ma
20、n who/that spoke to the headmaster just now?12The woman is my mother.You are looking after her.The woman that /who/whom you are looking after is my mother.13My grandparents live in a house.It is more than 100 years old.My grandparents live in a house which/that is more than 100 years old.14Last week
21、 Mary wore the dress.I gave it to her.Last week Mary wore the dress that/which I gave to her.15The girl is from America.Her father is a Chinese.The girl whose father is a Chinese is from America.16The room is mine.Its windows face north.The room whose windows face north is mine.语法填空Almost everyone h
22、as friends，but ideas about friendship are different.For some，a friend is a person 17.who/that talks with you on the Internet.For others，a friend is one 18.who has known you all your life.A friend is also someone 19.whose family knows you too.A friend is also someone 20.that/who/whom you share your s
23、ecrets with.Although there are different features of friendship，there is one thing 21.that/which is always present.That is the freedom(自由) to choose our friends.We may not be able 22.to select(select) our families，our coworkers，or even the people 23.who/that take the bus with us，but we can pick our
24、friends.As a scientist Margaret Mead once 24.said(say)， “A friend is someone 25.who/that chooses and is chosen.” This freedom of choice is exactly the very reason 26.that makes friendship such a special relationship.基础巩固.单句语法填空1There is little that I can do for you.2I get along well with the boy tha
25、t/who does well in maths.3Do you know the lady that/whom/who our English teacher is talking to now?4Were collecting money for those whose homes were destroyed by the earthquake.5Please pass me the book whose cover is light green.6I visited the school yesterday that/which was built fifty years ago.7T
26、he girl who/that is speaking to the headmaster is our monitor.8Yesterday was one of the coldest days that I have ever known.9There are a total of 1,000 workers in this company，two thirds of whom are women.10I miss the teachers and the kindergarten that my parents think highly of.完成句子11This is the ve
27、ry hotel (that) I stayed at when I was travelling here.这就是我在这儿旅行时住过的旅馆。12Jack was her best friend from whom she borrowed a car to travel.杰克是她最好的朋友，从他那里她借了一辆车去旅行。13This is the very book that I am looking for.这就是我正在找的那本书。14We are going to learn some Chinese poems that/which were written in the Tang Dy
28、nasty.我们将学习唐朝时写的一些中国诗歌。15She is one of the girls who have passed the exam.她是通过考试的女孩之一。能力提升.完形填空In 1989 an earthquake of 8.2 magnitude(震级) hit America，killing over 30,000 people.A father 16 his wife safely at home and rushed to the 17 where his son was supposed to be，only to 18 that the building was
29、as flat as a pancake.Seeing this，he remembered the 19 he had made to this son， “No matter what happens，I ll always be there for you！” Tears began to 20 his eyes.As he looked at the pile of 21 that once was the school，it looked 22 ，but he kept remembering his words to his son.He began to direct his a
30、ttention 23 where his sons 24 was. 25 his sons classroom had been in the back right corner of the teaching building，he rushed there and started digging 26 the ruins.He kept digging and digging.Hours later，other 27 parents tried to pull him off 28 had been his sons classroom，saying， “Its too late！The
31、yre all dead！”But the father kept digging for his son.The fire chief 29 and said， “Fires are breaking out.Youre in 30 .Go home.”Hearing this，the American father， 31 very tired now, asked politely， “Are you going to help me？”He went on 32 .He dug for 8 hours.12 hours.24 hours.36 hours.then，in the 38t
32、h hour，he heard his sons 33 .He screamed his sons name， “ARMAND！” And he heard his son shout back， “Dad？！Its me，Dad！I told the other kids not to worry.I told them that if you were 34 youd save us.You promised no matter what happened，youd always be there for me！You did 35 ，Dad！”语篇解读 本文讲述了在一次地震中，一位父亲信
33、守对儿子的承诺，不顾别人的劝阻，用双手刨开废墟，救出自己儿子的故事。16A.left BstayedCreached Dhad答案 A解析 leave 离开。句意为：一位父亲离开妻子冲向儿子所在的学校。根据空后的“.rushed to the where his son was supposed to be.”可知选 A 项。17A.house BcompanyCschool Doffice答案 C解析 参考上题解析。school 学校。18A.discover BrealizeCknow Dmake答案 A解析 discover 发现。句意为：结果发现整个建筑物已被夷为平地。根据语境可知选
34、A 项。19A.belief BpromiseCdecision Dadvice答案 B解析 promise 允诺。句意为：看到这种情景，他想起曾对儿子的承诺。make a promise作出承诺，故选 B 项。20A.rise BcoverCfill Dsuffer答案 C解析 fill 充满。根据语境可知，父亲想起对儿子的承诺，又看到这倒塌的楼，眼泪充满双眼。故选 C 项。21A.ruins BdisastersCearth Dbricks答案 A解析 ruin 废墟。句意为：当他看到一堆学校的废墟，看起来没有希望时，他却仍然记得对儿子说的话。根据上文的“.only to that the
35、 building was as flat as a pancake.”可知选 A 项。22A.careless BhopelessChelpless Duseless答案 B解析 参考上题解析。hopeless 没有希望的。23A.in BupCof Dtowards答案 D解析 towards 朝，向；对于。句意为：他开始密切注视儿子教室所在的地方。 direct ones attention towards 密切注视，故选 D 项。24A.doorway BsituationCclassroom Dentrance答案 C解析 参考上题解析。classroom 教室。25A.Forget
36、ting BMakingCRemembering DKeeping答案 C解析 remember 记得，记起。句意为：记得儿子的教室就在教学楼的后面，他冲过去，开始挖废墟。根据语境可知选 C 项。26A.from BthroughCby Dacross答案 B解析 参考上题解析。dig through 挖通，故选 B 项。27A.disappointed BexcitedCdevoted Dsatisfied答案 A解析 disappointed 失望的。句意为：数小时后，其他失望的家长试图拖着他离开他儿子所在的教室。根据语境可知选 A 项。28A.who BwhileCwhose Dwhat
37、答案 D解析 此处为宾语从句且从句中缺少主语，用 what 来引导，故选 D 项。29A.showed up Bshowed offCgot up Dgot off答案 A解析 show up 出现。句意为：消防队长走过来说，火正在燃烧，你很危险。根据语境可知选 A 项。30A.frustration BdifficultyCdanger Dfear答案 C解析 根据上文中的“Fires are breaking out.”可知选 C 项。in danger 处于危险中。31A.when BasCif Dthough答案 D解析 根据空后的“这位父亲很累，但还是很有礼貌地问”可知，此处表转折，
38、故选though“虽然，尽管” 。32A.lonely BaloneCtogether Das well答案 B解析 alone 单独地。根据语境“He dug for 8 hours.12 hours.24 hours.36 hours.”可知选B 项。33A.sound BvoiceCnoise Dshout答案 B解析 voice 声音。根据语境“他听到儿子的声音后开始喊儿子的名字” ，可知选 B 项。34A.right BdeadCalive Dinjured答案 C解析 alive 活着的。句意为：我告诉他们，如果你还活着就肯定会来救我们。根据下文中的“You promised no
39、 matter what happened，youd always be there for me！”可知选 C 项。35A.that BthisCone Dit答案 D解析 句意为：你做到了，爸爸。it 代指“承诺” ，故选 D 项。.语法填空What will you do when there is an earthquake？Nobody wants 36. (trap) under the ruined buildings，so most people would try to leave the buildings that fell in 37. (ruin) I live on
40、 38. third floor of a high flat.I guess，if an earthquake came，I would probably be 39. (extreme) afraid rather than think about what I needed to do，such as hiding somewhere or 40. (run) out of the building.I had never felt an earthquake until last week.I was reading in the room 41. I felt the ground
41、shaking.It was a small earthquake 42. could hardly even be called an earthquake.It was not really 43. (frighten)To feel the earth move like that was just strange.It came 44. an end only a few seconds later.I have spoken to the local people since the event.Luckily，nobody 45. (injure) in the earthquak
42、e and no damage was caused by it.But if it had been a real earthquake，things would be quite different.语 篇 解 读 本 文 讲 述 了 作 者 经 历 了 一 次 小 型 地 震 。36答案 to be trapped解析 根据 want to do sth.“想做某事”的用法可知该处用不定式。主语 Nobody 与 trap 是被动关系，故该处填不定式的被动语态。37答案 ruins解析 fall in ruins 成为废墟。38答案 the解析 设空后是序数词 third，故该空填定冠词
43、。the third 第三。39答案 extremely解析 设空在句中修饰形容词 afraid，应用副词，故填 extremely。40答案 running解析 设空处与前面的 hiding 并列作介词短语 such as 的宾语，应用动名词，故填running。41答案 when解析 该处是固定句式 be doing sth.when.正在做某事这时，when 表“这时” 。42答案 that/which解析 定语从句的先行词是 earthquake，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词 that/which 引导定语从句。43答案 frightening解析 设空处在句中作表语，指“(事物) 令
44、人害怕的” ，应用 frightening。44答案 to解析 come to an end 结束，是固定短语。45答案 was injured解析 设空处与 and 后的 was caused 是并列谓语，应用一般过去时，主语 nobody 与 injure是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。.读后续写阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。My fiance(未婚夫) and I were excited about shopping for our first home.But our funds were limited， and none of the hous
45、es in our price range seemed satisfactory.One agent recommended a house in particular.Although her description sounded wonderful，the price was beyond our range，so we declined(谢绝)But she kept urging us to have a look at last.We finally did and it was love at first sight.It was our home，small and char
46、ming，overlooking a quiet lake.Walking through the rooms and talking with the owners，a nice elderly couple，we felt the warmth and happiness of the marriage within that home.As perfect as it was，the price remained too high for us.But every day，we would sit by the lake，looking at the house and dreaming
47、 of what it would be like to live there.Days later，we made an offerfar below the asking price. Surprisingly，they didnt laugh at us.They renewed their offer instead.It was also much more than we could afford，but far less than the original asking price.The next day， we got a disappointing message that
48、 another buyer had offered a much higher price.Even so， we decided to talk with the owners directly.We made our final offer，which still was thousands of dollars less than the other buyers bid(出价) We knew it，but we had to try.Nobody knew if we could get it.注意：1所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右；2至少使用 5 个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Paragraph 1：We went to the owners hom
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