1、聚焦考点温习理解由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子就是复合句。主句是全句的主体。从句是全句的一个成分，它在句子中作什么成分，就叫什么成分的从句。如作状语的就叫状语从句，作宾语的就叫宾语从句，作定语的就叫定语从句。初中阶段要求掌握状语从句、宾语从句和定语从句的简单用法。【状语从句命题趋势】用一个句子(从句) 来作另一个句子 (主句)的状语，用作状语的句子就叫作状语从句。作什么样的状语就叫什么类型的状语从句。例如：条件状语从句就是用一个句子来作条件状语。1 考查时间状语从句。2 考查原因状语从句3 考查 地点状语从句。4 考查结果状语从句5 考查条件状语从句。6 考查让步状语从句。7 考查
2、伴随状语从句。8 考查方式状语从句一、状语从句概述用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。状语从句的语序应是主语+ 谓语+ 其他成分，即陈述句的语序。 状语从句的位置，可以放在主句前面或后面，但是若放在主句前面，要用逗号与主句分开；主句若是疑问句，那么时间状语从句只能放在主句的前面。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句， 原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。（一）时间状语从句(1)时间状语从句常由 when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as
3、 等连词来引导。I went to bed after the TV play was ever. It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，而要用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。Ill write to you as soon as I get to Beijing. 我一到北京就将写信给你。He wont believe it until he sees it with his own eye
4、s.(3)在带有 till 或 until 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到才”, “在以前不”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。The young man read till the light went out.Lets wait until the rain stops.We wont start until Bob comes.Dont get off until the bus stops.来源:（4 ） when，while 都有“当 时候”的意思。when 既可表示某一点时间，也可以表示某
5、一段时间 。在 when 引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词可以是延续性 的，也可以是非延续性的，可与主句中的谓语动词同时发生，也可在其后发生。1 I was just reading a book when she came into my room. 她走进我房间时，我正在看书。2 Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老师进来的时候，你在写信吗？ 3 When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas. 他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。 while 只能表示某一段时间，不能表示某一点时
6、间。在 while 引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词只能是延续性的，而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在。 例如：1、 While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him. 正当吉姆修自行车时，林涛来看他。 2、You cant do your homework while youre watching TV. 你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。另外，when 和 while 的区别还在于： while 引导的时间状语从句多用进行时态，而when 引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态。 例如： 1、While they were tal
7、king , the bell rang. 正在他们谈话的时候，上课铃响了。 2、I was doing my homework when my mothercame back home yesterdayevening. 昨天晚上妈妈回家的时候，我正在做家庭作业。when/while都可做并列连词前者表 and at that time,(这时，突然)，后者表对比，可译为”然而”I was going downstairs when the telephone rang.Lucy is in blue while Lily is in green. when 后加瞬间动词 while 后也可
8、加持续性动词（二）地点状语从句地点状语从句常常由 where 来引导。Go where you like.（三）条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句通常由 if, unless 引导。What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?来源:(2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。Ill help you with your English if I am free tomorrow.(3)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。Study hard and you will pass the exa
9、m.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.（四）原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常由 because, since, as 引导。He didnt come to school because he was ill.(2) because, as, since, for 都是表示各种理由的连词，但 because because 表示直接原因，语气最强，故 because 所引导的从句常放在句末。回答由 why 提出的问题，只能用because。As 和 since 语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因，两者皆多用于句首。-Why arent goi
10、ng there?-Because I dont want to.As it is raining, lets stay as home. 因为下雨，我们就留在家里吧。Since we have no money, we cant buy it.(3)because 和 so 不能同用在一个句子里。because of 也是表示原因状语，但后面只能跟短语。 I stayed at home because of the bad weather. 因为天气不好我留在家里。（五）结果状语从句(1)结果状语从句由 sothat, suchthat, so that 引导。He is so poor
11、that he cant buy a bike for his son.She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldnt see it.(2)sothat 语 such.that 可以互换。在由 so.that 引导的结果状语从句中，so 是副词，与形容词或副词连用。其结构是: “.so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句 ”。He was so glad that he couldnt say a word.The hall is so
12、 big that it can hold 2,000 people.Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.在由 suchthat 引导的结果状语从句中，such 是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词 a 或 an。It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.He had such long arms that he could almost touch the c
13、eiling.He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term.有时上述两种结构是可以互换的 。It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.(3)如果名词前由 many, much, little, few 等词修饰时，只能用 so, 不用 such。He has so little time t
14、hat he cant go to the cinema with you.（4 ）由 sothat 引导的状语从句若是表示否定意思，可以用 tooto（太而不能）来替换。She was so angry that she could not say a word. =She was too angry to say a word. 她气得说不出话来。 （六）比较状语从句比较状语从句由 than 或 as 来引导。This problem is more difficult than that one (is). 这道题比那道题难。（七）目的状语从句(1)目的状语从句通常由 so that 等
15、引导。He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.(2)so that 既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词 can, could, may, might 等。从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句 )Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句 )（八）让步状语从句(1)让步状语从
16、句通常由 although, though 等连词引导。Although I am tired, I must go on working.(2) 汉语中的“虽然但是”在英语中只用连词 though 就可以了，或单独使用 but 连接两个并列句也可以，但不能在一个句子中同时用这两个连词。不能说：Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.应该说：Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或 It was raining hard, but he still went out.二、宾语从句宾
17、语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语或介词的宾语。【速记口诀】宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。陈述句子用 that；一般疑问是否(if，whether)替；特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意；主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。【妙语诠释】宾语从句应注意三点：引导词，陈述句一般由 that 引导，这时的 that 可以省略；一般疑问句则由 if 或whether 引导；而特殊疑问句则由特殊疑问词引导。时态，主句是现在时态，从句可用所需要的任何时态；但如果主句是过去时
18、态，从句时态所表示时间一般往前移一个时间段。语序，宾语从句永远要用陈述句顺序。三、定语从句（一）定语从句的基本概念在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的有关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that 等和关系副词 where, when, why 等， 关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。This is the boy who often helps me.【定语从句命题趋势与预测】根据对定语从句部分全国各省市中考试题的分析可知，今后该部分仍将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为：1 定语从句的功用和结构2 关系代词和关
19、系副词的功用3 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法【考点诠释】一、考查以 that 与 which 引导的定语从句 m1通常只能用 that 的情况1）当先行词是不定代词a11，few，little，much，something，anything ，nothing，ever ything 等时。2）先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级以及被a11，any，every ，each ，few ，little，no，some，来源:ZXXKthe onlythe verythe last 等修饰时。3） 如果先行词既指人又指物，应用关系代词 that。二、考查以 who，whom 与 whose 引导的定语
20、从句 m(1)如果先行词是指人的不定代词anyone，anybody ，everyone，everybody，someone，somebody，nobody ，one ，ones ，those， all(指人) 等作先行词，作主语用 who，作宾语用 whom。who 而不用 which。(2)在非限制性定语从句中，指人作主语用 who，作宾语用 whom，who。(3)在定语从句中，作定语的关系代词只能用 whose，它相当于 the+名词+of +whichwhom；非限制性定语从句中还有 “代词数词+of +whichwhom“ 结构。名师点睛典例分类类型一、状语从句的引导词【例 1】M
21、ike likes watching TV _ he is having dinner.Aalthough Bwhile Cbecause Dif【举一反三】1. Rony will get a chance to work in this company _ he doesnt pass the interview.Aunless Bwhen Cif Dafter2. Andy wasnt allowed to play video games _ he finished his homework.Asince Bif Cbecause Dunless3. Im going to take
22、him to some famous hutongs _ he can learn more about China.Abut Bso that Calthough Dwhen类型二、状语从句的时态【例 2】Celia，join us in the Super Summer Camp if it _ this weekend.Id love to. But nobody knows if it _.A. is fine；rains B. is fine；will rainC. will be fine；will rain D. will be fine；rains【举一反三】1. If it
23、tomorrow, well go to the park.Awill rain Bdoesnt rain Cwont rain Ddont rain2. They _ at home if it _ tomorrow.Awill stay; is going to rain Bstay; is going to rainC will stay; rains Dwill stay; doesnt rains3. Please give this note to John.OK. Ill give it to him as soon as he .Ais coming back Bwill co
24、me backCcomes back Dcome back类型三、宾语从句的语序及时态【例 3】I wonder .Awhere does he live Bhow old he isC what is he doing Dhow soon will he come hack【举一反三】来源:ZXXK1. Could you tell me _ in British schools?Awhat do students wear Bto wear whatC what students wear Dstudents wear what2. - Im wondering_.- Whatever t
25、he result is, dont be too hard on yourself.Awhy did my school team lose the game来源:Zxxk.ComBhow have I prepared for my final examsC if I can get high marks in the final examsDthat my school team lost the game yesterday.3. -Do you know _ ? - By train.Ahow did Mr. Wang go to France Bwhen did Mr. Wang
26、go to FranceC how Mr. Wang went to France Dwhen Mr. Wang went to France类型四、定语从句的关系代词的区分【例 4】Its time to say goodbye to my school Ill remember the people have helped meAwho Bwhich Cwhose【举一反三】1. As an old saying goes, anyone _makes no mistakes makes nothingAwhich Bwhat Cwho Dwhen2. - Have you found a
27、ny pictures about your favorite film star _ you can use for your poster?- Not yet, I am far too busy these days.Athat Bwho Cwhose Dwhen3. Do you know the boy _ is playing the violin?Awho Bwhat Cwhich Dwhen4. Stan Lee is a superhero _created lots of characters that have touched people over many gener
28、ations.Awhich B Cwho5. Do you know everybody came to the party?Im afraid not. I dont know the one you had a long talk with.Awhich; that B/;whom Cthat; which Dwho;/6. Who was the student _ was absent yesterday?Mary was.At hat Bwho Cwhom Dwhich7. I dont doubt_he said will be of great value to promote
29、our friendship.Awhether what Bthat what Cif that Dthat how8. _makes the man different from the others is _ he is always_his friends and colleagues.AIt, that, gentle with BWhat that，gentle withC What, / gently DIt,that,gently with聚焦考点温习理解由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子就是复合句。主句是全句的主体。从句是全句的一个成分，它在句子中作什么成分，就叫什么成
30、分的从句。如作状语的就叫状语从句，作宾语的就叫宾语从句，作定语的就叫定语从句。初中阶段要求掌握状语从句、宾语从句和定语从句的简单用法。【状语从句命题趋势】用一个句子(从句) 来作另一个句子 (主句)的状语，用作状语的句子就叫作状语从句。作什么样的状语就叫什么类型的状语从句。例如：条件状语从句就是用一个句子来作条件状语。1 考查时间状语从句。2 考查原因状语从句3 考查地点状语从句。4 考查结果状语从句5 考查条件状语从句。6 考查让步状语从句。7 考查伴随状语从句。8 考查方式状语从句二、状语从句概述用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。状语从句的语序应是主语+ 谓语+ 其他成分
31、，即陈述句的语序。 状语从句的位置，可以放在主句前面或后面，但是若放在主句前面，要用逗号与主句分开；主句若是疑问句，那么时间状语从句只能放在主句的前面。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句， 原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。（一）时间状语从句(1)时间状语从句常由 when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as 等连词来引导。I went to bed after the TV play was ever. It was raining hard wh
32、en got to school yesterday.While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，而要用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。Ill write to you as soon as I get to Beijing. 我一到北京就将写信给你。He wont believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.(3)在带有 till 或 until 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。
33、如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到才”, “在以前不”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。The young man read till the light went out.Lets wait until the rain stops.We wont start until Bob comes.Dont get off until the bus stops.（4 ） when，while 都有“当 时候”的意思。when 既可表示某一点时间，也可以表示某一段时间 。在 when 引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的，可与主句中的谓语动词同时发生，也可在其后发生。1 I w
34、as just reading a book when she came into my room. 她走进我房间时，我正在看书。2 Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老师进来的时候，你在写信吗？ 3 When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas. 他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。 while 只能表示某一段时间，不能表示某一点时间。在 while 引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词只能是延续性的，而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在。 例如：1、 While Jim was
35、 mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him. 正当吉姆修自行车时，林涛来看他。 2、You cant do your homework while youre watching TV. 你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。另外，when 和 while 的区别还在于： while 引导的时间状语从句多用进行时态，而when 引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态。 例如： 1、While they were talking , the bell rang. 正在他们谈话的时候，上课铃响了。 2、I was doing my homework when my mot
36、hercame back home yesterdayevening. 昨天晚上妈妈回家的时候，我正在做家庭作业。when/while都可做并列连词前者表 and at that time,(这时，突然)，后者表对比，可译 为”然而”I was going downstairs when the telephone rang.Lucy is in blue while Lily is in green. when 后加瞬间动词 while 后也可加持续性动词（二）地点状语从句地点状语从句常常由 where 来引导。Go where you like.（三）条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句通常由
37、if, unless 引导。What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?(2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。Ill help you with your English if I am free tomorrow.(3)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。Study hard and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.（四）原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常由 because, si
38、nce, as 引导。He didnt come to school because he was ill.(2) because, as, since, for 都是表示各种理由的连词，但 because because 表示直接原因，语气最强，故 because 所引导的从句常放在句末。回答由 why 提出的问题，只能用because。As 和 since 语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因，两者皆多用于句首。-Why arent going there?-Because I dont want to.As it is raining, lets stay as home. 因为下雨，我们就
39、留在家里吧。Since we have no money, we cant buy it.(3)because 和 so 不能同用在一个句子里。because of 也是表示原因状语，但后面只能跟短语。 I stayed at home because of the bad weather. 因为天气不好 我留在家里。（五）结果状语从句(1)结果状语从句由 sothat, suchthat, so that 引导。He is so poor that he cant buy a bike for his son.She is such a good teacher that everybody
40、 likes her.My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldnt see it.(2)sothat 语 such.that 可以互换。在由 so.that 引导的结果状语从句中，so 是副词，与形容词或副词连用。其结构是: “.so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句 ”。He was so glad that he couldnt say a word.The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.Mother lives so far away that we hardly ev
41、er see her.在由 suchthat 引导的结果状语从句中，such 是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词 a 或 an。It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term.有时上述
42、两种结构是可以互换的。It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.(3)如果名词前由 many, much, little, few 等词修饰时，只能用 so, 不用 such。He has so little time that he cant go to the cinema with you.（4 ）由 sothat 引导的状语从句若是表示否定意思，可以用 tooto（太
43、而不能）来替换。She was so angry that she could not say a word. =She was too angry to say a word. 她气得说不出话来。 （六）比较状语从句比较状语从句由 than 或 as 来引导。This problem is more difficult than that one (is). 这道题比那道题难。（七）目的状语从句(1)目的状语从句通常由 so that 等引导。He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.(2)so that 既可引导目
44、的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词 can, could, may, might 等。从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句 )Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句 )（八）让步状语从句(1)让步状语从句通常由 although, though 等连词引导。Although I am tired, I must go on working.(2) 汉语中的
45、“虽然但是”在英语中只用连词 though 就可以了，或单独使用 but 连接两个并列句也可以，但不能在一个句子中同时用这两个连词。不能说：Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.应该说：Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或 It was raining hard, but he still went out.二、宾语从句宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语或介词的宾语。【速记口诀】宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。陈述句子用 that
46、；一般疑问是否(if，whether)替；特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意；主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。来源:三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。【妙语诠释】宾语从句应注意三点：引导词，陈述句一般由 that 引导，这时的 that 可以省略；一般疑问句则由 if 或whether 引导；而特殊疑问句则由特殊疑问词引导。时态，主句是现在时态，从句可用所需要的任何时态；但如果主句是过去时态，从句时态所表示时间一般往前移一个时间段。语序，宾语从句永远要用陈述句顺序。四、定语从句（一）定语从句的基本概念在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定
47、语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的有关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that 等和关系副词 where, when, why 等， 关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。This is the boy who often helps me.【定语从句命题趋势与预测】根据对定语从句部分全国各省市中考试题的分析可知，今后该部分仍将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为：1 定语从句的功用和结构2 关系代词和关系副词的功用3 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法【考点诠释】一、考查以 that 与 which 引导的定语从句 m1通常只能用 that 的情况1）
48、当先行词是不定代词a11，few，little，much，something，anything ，nothing，everything 等时。2）先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级以及被a11，any，every ，each ，few ，little，no，some，the onlythe verythe last 等修饰时。4） 如果先行词既指人又指物，应用关系代词 that。二、考查以 who，whom 与 whose 引导的定语从句 m(1)如果先行词是指人的不定代词anyone，anybody ，everyone，everybody，someone，somebody，nobody ，one ，ones ，those， all(指人) 等作先行词，作主语用 who，作宾语用 whom。who 而不用 which。(
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