1、专题二阅读理解说明类（90 分钟，90 分）考点 01：01 冠词 3 颗星考点 02：代词 3 颗星考点 03：介词和介词短语 2 颗星考点 04: 名词 3 颗星 考点 05：主谓一致 5 颗星考点 06：形容词和副词 5 颗星考点 08：非谓语动词 5 颗星考点 09：动词的时态和语态 5 颗星考点 10：定语从句 3 颗星考点 13：状语从句 3 颗星考点 14：特殊句式 2 颗星考点 17：阅读理解说明文 5 颗星一、阅读理解1 Some of the worlds most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Or
2、leans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations,
3、 though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.Its Jason Morans job to help change that. As the Kennedy Centers artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessib
4、le, and preserve its history and culture.“Jazz seems like its not really a part of the American appetite,” Moran tells National Public Radios reporter Neal Conan. “What Im hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymo
5、re. Its actually color, and its actually digital.”Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. “The music cant be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same
6、,” says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Wallers music for a dance party, “Just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,” says Moran. “For me, its the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感) lie? Are
7、we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟) on how talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,” says Moran, “so I want to continue those dialogues. Th
8、ose are the things I want to foster.”1.Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?A.To remember the birth of jazz.B.To protect cultural diversity.C.To encourage people to study music.D.To recognize the value of jazz.2.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Jazz bec
9、oming more accessible.B.The production of jazz growing faster.C.Jazz being less popular with the young.D.The jazz audience becoming larger.3.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?A.It will disappear gradually.B.It remains black and white.C.It should keep up with the times.D.It
10、 changes every 50 years.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Exploring the Future of Jazz.B.The Rise and Fall of Jazz.C.The Story of a Jazz Musician.D.Celebrating the Jazz Day.2 A buld-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas whe
11、re the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, its an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since its all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, ar
12、e a 5 5 sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container perhaps just a drinking cup to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet acr
13、oss and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catchers productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up and out the side of the hole.Next, cover
14、the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheets center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.
15、The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates(蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and wont have to br
16、eak down the still every time you need a drink.1.What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?A.Its delicate.B.Its expensive.C.Its complex.D.Its portable.2.What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?A.The tube.B.The still.C.The hole.D.The
17、cup.3.Whats the last step of constructing a working solar still?A.Dig a hole of a certain size.B.Put the cup in place.C.Weight the sheets center down.D.Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.4.When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup form .A.the plastic tubeB.outside the holeC.the o
18、pen airD.beneath the sheet3. It is true that people with better education are usually able to get better paying jobs.In other words, they have more chances to choose a good job while people with little or no education dont.It seems that the purpose of education is to make people get jobs.But this is
19、nt accepted by all people.Some people may think that a person should spend the best years of his life to get education only for a way of living.This was probably one of the earliest reasons of education.In fact, if education is just a way of making a living, people dont need to spend so much time in
20、 school.People can get education for a living in a short time.Subjects like history and geography need not be taught to everyone.Even language and maths need not be taught in detail(详细地), either.Here it is clear that education is much more than teaching a man to get a way of living.Education is well
21、-rounded and it is mainly for improving a man.It is not only to teach him to speak, read and write, but also to develop his creative thinking and other abilities.After that, it is to make him a wise man and thankfully enjoy the achievements of human.Education is to make a man lead a better life.Educ
22、ated people are expected to be able to listen to good music, read good books, watch plays and take an interest in the world.I would agree that making a good living is an important reason for education, but certainly not the most important or the main reason.1.People with little education usually _.A
23、.spend a long time in schoolB.have a good chance to get a jobC.spend the best years to choose jobsD.have fewer chances to get a good job2.The earliest education was probably to _.A.make a man lead a better lifeB.teach a man to write and readC.make people get a way of livingD.teach people to read goo
24、d books3.The underlined word“well-rounded”in the passage means “_” in Chinese.A.圆满的B.崭新的C.公平的D.全面的4.It is expected that educated people will be able to _.A.accept education as a way of livingB.take an interest in the whole worldC.develop their abilities to make playsD.learn subjects like language an
25、d math4. Are you sick of going to bed late and waking up tired? Then grab your hiking boots and a tent.A new study suggests that camping in the great outdoors for a couple of days can reset your body clock and help you get more sleep.The body clock is an internal system that tells our bodies when it
26、s time to go to sleep and when its time to wake up.Scientists track this clock by measuring the amount of melatonin (褪黑激素) circulating in a persons blood at any given time.In a healthy sleeper, melatonin levels rise a few hours before bedtime,stay high through the night,and then settle back down whe
27、n its time to wake up.In our modem society, however, most of us stay up many hours past sunset and would probably sleep in many hours after sunrise if we could.And the trouble is,your melatonin levels may still be high when your alarm clock goes off in the morning,which leads to fatigue.It may also
28、have other health consequences as well,such as diabetes(糖尿病),overweight and heart disease.Professor Kenneth Wright of the University of Colorado in the US wanted to see if our body clocks can be reset by a short stay in nature.His team recruited(招募)fourteen physically active volunteers in their 20s
29、and 30s.Nine went on a weekend camping trip,while the other five stayed home.At the end of the weekend,the researchers reported that in just two days,the campers body clocks had shifted so that their melatonin levels began to rise more than an hour earlier than they did before they left on the trip.
30、By contrast,the body clocks of the group that stayed home shifted even later over the course of the weekend.“This tells us we can reset our clocks fast,”Wright said.Therefore,if you want to change your sleep patterns you could try to increase your exposure to natural light during the day and decreas
31、e the amount of artificial light you see at night.And if that doesnt work,theres always camping.1.What is the authors main purpose of writing the passage?A.To explain how a lack of sleep is bad for our health.B.To inform us of a possible way to adjust the body clock.C.To analyze how the body clock i
32、nfluences our sleeping habits.D.To explore how the body clock is connected with melatonin levels.2.The underlined word “fatigue” in Paragraph 4 probably means“_”.A.tirednessB.excitementC.refreshmentD.pressure3.What did Wrights team discover from their experiment?A.The body clocks of the two groups d
33、idnt show much difference.B.The body clocks of those who stayed at home remained the same.C.Those staying outdoors reset the clock inside their bodies over a short period.D.Changes to the body clock dont necessarily affect melatonin levels in our bodies.4.According to the passage,to change our sleep
34、ing habit,wed better_.A.set an alarm clock to wake us up on time in the morningB.try to reduce melatonin levels as much as possible at nightC.spend several weeks staying in the open air every now and thenD.get exposed to more natural light in the day but less artificial light at night二、语法填空5.阅读下面短文,
35、在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) _a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side _(effect) such as overweight and heart disease-t
36、he very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required _(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt _(remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something
37、. As _result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even _(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food _(be) full of fat and salt; by _(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt
38、 in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be _(care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, _is not good for the health.6.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In 1863 the first underground pa
39、ssenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and _word.It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method.This included digging up the road,_(lay) the
40、track and then building a strong roof over _ top.When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.Steam engines _(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been _(fair)unpleasant for the passsengers,with all the smoke and noise.However,the railway quickly proved to be a great success an
41、d within six months,more than 25,000 people were using _ every day.Later,engineers _(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道),which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the _(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railw
42、ay was one of the most _(success) of these new lines,and was opened in 1900.It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages,and proved extremely popular with the public.7.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Recently, educators and parents become concerned about the poor performance of boys in
43、 school. The so-called “boy crisis” in education refers _. both their academic performance and their behavior. In both areas boys results are much _ (bad) than girls.USA data shows that boys rank behind girls in almost all areas of schooling. They earn lower _ (grade) overall in primary school and h
44、igh school. They are behind girls in reading and writing, and 30 percent of them are in bottom quarter of standardized tests, _ (compare) with 19 percent of girls.Although the causes of the “boy crisis” are not _ (full) understood, some experts believed that the same-sex classrooms and schools may h
45、elp solve the problem. The idea is _ (remove) some of the distractions(分心) caused by the opposite sex, in order to improve students concentration and hopefully their grades. The first Chinese school to experiment with this idea _ (be) Shanghai No.8 Middle School, _ began “boys-only” classes in Septe
46、mber, 2012. Although it is too early to tell if the reform has made _ difference, its supporters argue that the results are _(promise).8.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。A young man in Wuhan,Hubei Province has become the latest Internet sensation(轰动)after a video showing his heart - warming act
47、on a subway train went viral on social media _(recent).In the video, the man can be seen _(hold) his mobile phone in his hand after falling asleep on a Metro, with a message in large font on the screen which reads,“Please wake me if you need my seat.”The video _(film) by a fellow passenger was poste
48、d on Weibo. The video,_was just 7 seconds long, has been viewed more than 19 million times in just two days. Chinese netizens(网民)were greatly touched by the young mans act and applauded him for his _(kind).A web user even commented,“ I only needed 7 seconds to fall _love with this young man.The humble(谦逊的)man _(refuse) an interview invitation after becoming an Internet star and said that he just did what
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