1、专题八 名词性从句,-2-,高考感悟,考点归纳,.单句语法填空 1.(2018全国卷)Im not sure who is more frightened,me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere. 2.(2018北京卷)Without his support,we wouldnt be where/what we are now. 3.(2018北京卷)This is what my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for
2、 the best. 4.(2018天津卷)The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race. 5.(2018江苏卷)By boat is the only way to get here,which is how we arrived. 6.(2017天津卷)She asked me whether/if I had returned the books to the library,and I admitted that I hadnt.,-3-,高考感悟,考点归纳,7.(2
3、017北京卷)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street,not knowing where she was heading. 8.(2017北京卷)Every year,whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.,-4-,高考感悟,考点归纳,.单句改错 1.(2016全国卷)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. thatwhere 2.(2016全国卷
4、)My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. howwhat 3.After looking at the toy for some time,he turned around and found where his parents were missing. 去掉where或wherethat,-5-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点一 名词性从句的引导词,-6-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点二 主语从句 1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语,大多数主语从句都可以用it做形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。it做形式主语后接
5、that引导的主语从句时,that不可以省略。what引导的主语从句不能用it做形式主语代替。 How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. 我们理解事物的方式与我们的感受有很大关系。 Exactly when the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain,but it was probably around 1565. 马铃薯具体是在什么时候被引入欧洲的并不确定,但有可能是在1565年左右。,-7-,高考感悟,考点归纳,What makes the book so
6、 extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. 使这本书非同寻常的是这位作家创造性的想象力。 That she will succeed is certain.It is certain that she will succeed. 她肯定会成功。,-8-,高考感悟,考点归纳,2.it做形式主语的常见句型 (1)It is+名词(no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise等)+that从句。 It is no surprise that we will win the
7、match. 我们将会赢得比赛这一点也不惊奇。 (2)It is+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,funny,possible,likely,certain等)+that从句。 It is certain that he will come.他会来,这一点很肯定。 (3)It is+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced等)+that从句。 It is said that Mr.Smith has arrived. 据说史密斯先生已经到了。,-9-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点三
8、宾语从句 1.动词和介词后面都可以跟宾语从句。大多数及物动词(hope,tell,say等)后可以跟宾语从句。介词后只能跟wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句。 We must find out when Karl is coming,so we can book a room for him.我们必须弄明白卡尔会在什么时候到来,这样我们就可以为他订房间了。 Pick yourself up.Courage is doing what youre afraid to do. 振作起来。勇气就是去做你害怕做的事。 Its good to know that the dogs will be well c
9、ared for while were away. 得知在我们离开期间这些狗将会受到很好的照顾真是太好了。 I dont think (that) you are right.我认为你不对。,-10-,高考感悟,考点归纳,2.动词find,feel,think,consider,make,believe等后有宾语补足语时,需用it做形式宾语而将that引导的宾语从句后置。 I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day. 我认为我们有必要每天喝足够的开水。 3.hate,enjoy,like,love,dis
10、like,see to等后接宾语从句时,常在从句前面加it。 I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food. 我不喜欢人们吃着东西说话。 4.sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,surprised等形容词后也可接宾语从句。 Im sure that they can make it. 我确定他们会成功。,-11-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点四 表语从句 1.跟在be或者其他系动词后的从句为表语从句。that引导表语从句时不能省略。 The best moment for the football sta
11、r was when he scored the winning goal. 对足球明星来说最好的时刻就是他进决胜球的时候。 As John Lennon once said,life is what/whatever happens to you while you are busy making other plans. 正如约翰列侬曾经说过的,生活就是当你忙于制订其他的计划时,所发生在你身上的事情。 The message of Saving Private Ryan is that humans want peace,not war. 拯救大兵瑞恩传达的信息是人们想要和平而不是战争。,
12、-12-,高考感悟,考点归纳,2.主句主语为idea,advice,suggestion,order,request,requirement等名词时,表语从句的谓语应该用“should+动词原形”的形式,should可以省略。 His suggestion is that we (should) change our course. 他建议我们改变航线。 3.主语为名词reason时,表语从句的连接词用that,不用why或者because。 The reason for the accident is that the driver was too careless. 事故的原因是司机太大意
13、。,-13-,高考感悟,考点归纳,4.because,as if,as though,as等也可引导表语从句。 From space,the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. 从太空看,地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大约71%的地方被水覆盖着。,-14-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点五 同位语从句 同位语从句是用来解释说明某一名词的内容或者性质的从句。 1.常见的能接同位语从句的名词有:belief,fact,hope,idea,doubt,n
14、ews,conclusion,suggestion,problem,order,answer,decision,explanation,information,thought,word等。 It was sad news that a music professor in Beijing committed suicide days ago. 几天前,北京的一位音乐教授自杀了,这是个不幸的消息。 People all over the world have a dream that they will always live a peaceful life. 全世界的人民都有一个梦想,即永远过
15、着和平的生活。,-15-,高考感悟,考点归纳,2.同位语从句一般用that引导,但根据语境的不同,也可以用其他的连接代词和连接副词。引导同位语从句的that不能省略。 Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? Yeah,but I have no idea why he did it;thats one of his favorite universities. 昨天迈克拒绝接受来自耶鲁大学的录取通知书是真的吗? 是的,但是我不能理解他为什么这样做;那可是他最喜欢的大学之一。 3.有时同位语从句不
16、紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而是被别的成分隔开。 The story goes that William Tell did kill the king. 故事流传说威廉泰尔确实杀了国王。,-16-,高考感悟,考点归纳,4.doubt后面的从句要根据具体情况选择引导词。 doubt用于肯定句时,其后的宾语从句用whether/if引导,同位语从句用whether引导;用于否定句时,宾语从句和同位语从句都用that引导。 You can complain,but I doubt whether it will make any difference. 你可以发牢骚,但我对这样做是否有用表示怀疑。 Th
17、ere is no doubt that we will have an exam next week. 毫无疑问下周我们要考试。,-17-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点六 whether与if引导的从句 whether与if 当“是否”讲时,在下列情况下只用whether,不用if: 1.引导主语从句并用在句首时。 Whether you are on good terms with your classmates will affect your mood. 你与同学相处得是否融洽会影响你的情绪。 2.引导表语从句和同位语从句时。 We should discuss the question
18、whether we can finish it on time carefully. 我们要认真讨论一下我们是否能按时完成任务这个问题。 3.所引导的从句做介词宾语时。 It all depends on whether they will lend us the money. 这都要看他们是否会借给我们钱。,-18-,高考感悟,考点归纳,4.后面直接跟“or not”时。 I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Beijing. 我不知道他是否已经到达了北京。 5.后接动词不定式时。 I dont know whether to go t
19、o the party. 我不知道是否去参加聚会。,-19-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点七 that,what与which 1.that 引导名词性从句时,在从句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用,也没有任何含义;that 引导的宾语从句一般不做介词的宾语(介词but,except,besides,in除外)。 That he failed the exam made me surprised.(主语从句,that不充当从句成分) 他考试没及格令我很惊讶。 He is a good student except that he is a little careless. 除了有点粗心以外,他是一
20、个好学生。,-20-,高考感悟,考点归纳,2.what引导名词性从句时,其意义为“的人/物/数目等”,在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。what具有双重作用,既能引导从句,又能在从句中做成分。做主语、宾语和表语时what可以分解成“定语从句的先行词+关系代词”,即常说的“先行词+that”。 “Every time you eat a sweet,drink green tea.” This is what my mother used to tell me.(what 指“说的话”) “每次吃糖,要喝点绿茶。” 这是我母亲过去常告诉我的。 A ship in harbor is safe,
21、but thats not what ships are built for.(做for的宾语,意思为“什么样的用途”) 船停泊在港湾里会很安全,但人们把它造出来可不是为了这个目的。 You will know what side effect the medicine brings about.(做定语,意思为“什么样的”),-21-,高考感悟,考点归纳,你将会知道这种药会带来什么副作用。 He lives in what we call “spring city”.(表示“的地方”) =He lives in the place that we call “spring city”. 他住
22、在一个叫“春城”的地方。 You dont know what good students they are.(表示“多么”,此为感叹句用于宾语从句中) 你不知道他们是多么好的学生。,-22-,高考感悟,考点归纳,3.which 引导名词性从句,其意义为“哪一个”,可以指人也可以指物,是在已知的具体的人、事、物当中进行选择;引导定语从句时,只能当关系代词,在从句中做主语或宾语,且只能指物。 Tell me which book you like better,the red one or the blue one?I will buy the book which you choose for
23、 you. 告诉我你更喜欢哪本书,红色的还是蓝色的?我给你买你选中的那本。 4.A is to B what C is to D.A对于B 就像C对于D一样。 Air is to us what water is to fish. 空气对于我们就像水对于鱼一样。,-23-,.单句语法填空 1.Before the sales start,I make a list of what my kids will need for the coming season. 2.What struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for hi
24、s son. 3.Scientists study how human brains work to make computers. 4.Modern science has given clear evidence that smoking can lead to many diseases. 5.Generally speaking,being hard-working is just what it takes to be successful in your career. 6.The shocking news made me realize what terrible proble
25、ms we would face.,-24-,7.Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer,which is why he never finishes anything. 8.Weve offered her the job,but I dont know whether/if shell accept it. 9.It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. 10.The notice came around two ocl
26、ock in the afternoon that the meeting would be put off.,-25-,.单句改错 1.Its uncertain that the experiment is worth doing. thatwhether 2.This is a fact that English is widely used as an international language. ThisIt 3.When well finish translating the book depend on the time. dependdepends 4.The reason
27、why he failed in the exam was because he was too careless. becausethat 5.At the meeting he raised a question if the project would be cancelled. ifwhether,-26-,.语法填空 Andrew was going for a sales job interview.He knew he had the least experience to get the job.In fact he wasnt even sure 1.how hed got
28、the interview.2.What he did know was that he was very thankful for the opportunity given to him. Though the interview 3.went(go) well,it was impressed on him again 4.that compared with the other candidates he didnt have the ability 5.to get(get) the job.As he left the building,he gave the receptioni
29、st 6. an envelop.Inside was a thank-you note for the man 7.who/that had just interviewed him,thanking him for his time and for the opportunity.,-27-,That evening,Andrew got a call 8.telling(tell) him that hed got the job.His new employer knew clearly 9.that it wasnt Andrews qualification that got him the job,but his thank-you note.If Andrew was able to be thankful at this stage,he would be able to build positive relationships with his customers,which was exactly 10.what the company was looking for.Being grateful won Andrew the job.,
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