1、Unit 8 Adventure,-2-,高频词汇,难点句型,1.mean vt.意思是;意味着;打算,想要 adj.小气的,吝啬的 高考佳句 They think tradition means old things from the past.他们认为传统即指来自过去的旧的东西。(2018全国卷,阅读理解D篇) (1)mean sth表示的意思 mean doing sth意味着(做)某事 mean to do sth想要做某事 mean a lot/a great deal to sb对某人重要(或有价值) be meant to必须,得要 What do you mean by.?是什
2、么意思? Do you mean to say.?你的意思是说吗? (2)means n.手段;方法 by this means用这种方法 by no means绝不,-3-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will,perhaps,be able to find other (mean) of adapting.(2017江苏卷,阅读理解D篇) True to a gorillas unaggressive nature,the huge animal_ (mean) me n
3、o real harm.(2018全国卷,语法填空) The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000,which (mean) that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.(2018全国卷,阅读理解C篇) 单句改错 Success,then,means never feel tired.(2016天津卷,阅读理解D篇),means,meant,means,feelfeeling,-4-,高频词汇,难点句型,2.differ vi.不一致,不同于,有区
4、别 difference n.不同 different adj.不同的 高考佳句 Because a college community differs from the family,many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging.由于大学社区与家庭不同,许多学生很难找到归属感。 (2016北京卷,阅读理解D篇) (1)differ from和不同 differ in在方面不同 differ between.and.在和之间不同 differ with sb on/about/over sth在与某人意见相左 (2)be di
5、fferent from和不同 make a difference产生影响 make no difference没有影响,-5-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 Over the years,there have been a number of (differ) techniques to help designers approach this important point.(2018全国卷,七选五) The style of the campus is quite different that of most Chinese universities.(2018全国卷,阅读理解C篇)
6、 Farmers in many countries are also adapting like thiseither by growing new produce,or by growing the same things_ (differ).(2017江苏卷,阅读理解D篇) Since then,many scientists have thought that our actions do make a (differ).(2016上海卷,阅读理解B篇),different,from,differently,difference,-6-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句改错 Susan and
7、 Lily are twins,but they quite differ from characters.,fromin,-7-,高频词汇,难点句型,3.anxious adj.忧虑的,担心的,渴望的 anxiously adv.忧虑地,担心地 anxiety n.忧虑,担心 高考佳句As they headed toward their teens,they became increasingly anxious online.当他们步入青少年期,他们在网上越来越焦虑。(2018江苏卷,阅读理解D篇) be anxious about对担忧 be anxious to do sth急切地要
8、做某事,渴望做某事 be anxious for sb为某人担心 be anxious for sth渴望得到某物,-8-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal_ (anxious) their patients may be experiencing.(2016全国卷,阅读理解D篇) (anxious) all the time,I was unable to ke
9、ep focused for more than an hour at a time.(2016北京卷,阅读理解A篇) The professor is anxious the ancient Chinese painting. According to Life in Likes,as children grew,they became more anxious (get) more public approval.(2018江苏卷,阅读理解D篇),anxiety,Anxious,for,to get,-9-,高频词汇,难点句型,4.risk vt.冒的危险;使遭受危险 n.风险,危险 ri
10、sky adj.冒险的 高考佳句 Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. 该评价的两位作者还在2014年发表了一项研究,该研究显示,每天仅跑步5到10分钟就可以降低患心脏病和早期死亡的风险。 (2018全国卷,语法填空),-10-,高频词汇,难点句型,r
11、isk ones life冒生命危险 risk doing sth冒险做某事 (put.)at risk (使)有危险/冒险 at risk(of/from sth)冒(的)危险 at the risk of doing sth冒着的风险 take/run a risk/risks冒险 face the risk of面临的危险 take/run the risk of doing sth冒险做某事,-11-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 Maybe I was taking risk of never coming back home.(2018天津卷,阅读表达) The report
12、found that youngsters felt their friendships could berisk.(2018江苏卷,阅读理解D篇) .so (they) were more likely to break the speed limit and be the risk of getting fined.(2017全国卷,阅读理解D篇),the,at,at,-12-,高频词汇,难点句型,5.preference n.偏爱,较喜欢的东西 prefer v.更喜欢 高考佳句 Bryson is wrong,he says,because the English preference
13、 for the weather has nothing to do with the natural phenomena.他说布莱森是错误的,因为英国人对天气的偏好与自然现象无关。 have a preference for偏爱 give preference to给优先权;偏袒,-13-,高频词汇,难点句型,单词语法填空 You prefer healthy food fast food.(2018全国卷,七选五) We should give (prefer) to applicants with some experience. Young people nowadays have a
14、 preference living on their own rather than living with their parents.,to,preference,for,-14-,高频词汇,难点句型,6.quantity n.量,数量;大量,众多 高考佳句.people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. 人们正在学习如何组织数量巨大的信息,使他们能够在以后的日子里来获取它。 a large quan
15、tity of很多(后跟名词做主语时谓语动词的单复数形式根据of后的名词确定) large quantities of很多(后跟名词做主语时谓语动词用复数) in quantity(in large/vast quantities)大量地,-15-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead,they absorb large (quantity) of lead.(2016北京卷,阅读理解C篇) Some of these wildernesses also perform fu
16、nctions that humans needthe rainforests,for example,store carbon vast quantities.,quantities,in,-16-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句改错 A large quantity of water have been polluted by the nearby factories.写作升级 Much bread has been offered to the homeless. 满分表达 bread have been offered to the homeless.,havehas,Large quant
17、ities of,-17-,高频词汇,难点句型,7.fit vt.合的身,符合,使胜任 adj.健康的;合适的 fitness n.健康;适当,适合 高考佳句 She and her family bicycle to work,which helps them keep fit.她和她的家人骑自行车上班,这帮助他们保持健康。(2018北京卷,单项填空) fit sb/sth适合某人/某物 fit in with与相适应 be fit for适合 keep fit保持健康 physical fitness身体健康,-18-,高频词汇,难点句型,词义精析 (1)fit指尺寸、大小、形状等方面的适
18、合。 (2)suit指款式或花色等方面的适合,或颜色与人的脸色相符。它还指“合乎某人心意”。 (3)match指衣服(色彩)之间的相配。另外,match还可表示“敌得过,比得上”。,-19-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 I hired a (fit) coach,and I began to eat small and healthy meals.(2017天津卷,完形填空) Toms behaviour didnt fit with what I knew of him. 单句改错 Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to
19、improve physical fit and sustain a healthy lifestyle.,fitness,in,fitfitness,-20-,高频词汇,难点句型,8.confuse vt.使困惑;使迷惑;混淆 confused adj.困惑的,糊涂的;不清楚的 confusing adj.使人迷惑的 confusion n.混乱,困惑 高考佳句 “Whats this place?”I asked,still confused.我问: “这是什么地方?”仍然感到迷惑。(2018天津卷,阅读理解B篇) confuse A with/and B将A和B混淆 get/be con
20、fused被弄糊涂 be confused with和混淆,-21-,高频词汇,难点句型,用confuse的恰当形式填空 Because of the ,Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without human operation.(2017天津卷,阅读理解C篇) .you and the professor will be able to examine specific points that are to you. She stepped down,looking
21、.(2018天津卷,阅读理解B篇) 单句改错 Sir,the instructions on the box are very confused.Could you explain them to us?,confusion,confusing,confused,confusedconfusing,-22-,高频词汇,难点句型,9.preparation n.准备,预备;(常用复数)准备工作,准备措施 prepare v.准备 prepared adj.准备好的 unprepared adj.没有准备好的 高考佳句 As for preparation,some reading in adva
22、nce is needed.至于准备,预先进行一些阅读是必要的。(2018江苏卷,书面表达) (1)make preparations for/to do.为做好准备 in preparation在准备中 in preparation for为做准备 (2)prepare ones lessons准备功课 be (well) prepared for/to do sth对(做)某事有(充分的)准备 prepare for.为做好准备 prepare to do sth准备做某事,-23-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 Schools and parents must now do more
23、 (prepare) children for the emotional minefield (雷区) they faced online.(2018江苏卷,阅读理解D篇) These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were (prepare) for.(2016四川卷,阅读理解C篇) To prepare increased autonomy and responsibility,college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentatio
24、n.(2016北京卷,阅读理解D篇) Training for a marathon requires careful (prepare) and steady,gradual increases in the length of the runs.,to prepare,unprepared,for,preparation,-24-,高频词汇,难点句型,写作升级 As one group of workers carried out the rubbish,another group began removing seats and other theater equipment prepa
25、ring for the buildings end. 满分表达As one group of workers carried out the rubbish,another group began removing seats and other theater equipment the buildings end.(2017全国卷,阅读理解B篇),in preparation for,-25-,高频词汇,难点句型,10.observe vt.看到,观察到;观察,观测,监视;遵守;庆祝;纪念 observer n.观察者 observation n.观察,观察力;观测 高考佳句 Most
26、of us observed much more as children than we do as adults.(2018天津卷,阅读理解D篇) 我们大多数人在孩提时比成年时观察得更多。 (1)observe sb/sth观察某人/物 observe sb do/doing看到某人做了/正在做某事 observe that.观察 observe a principle/a custom/a rule遵守原则/风俗/规则 (2)under observation在观察中,在监视中,-26-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 This (observe) hints that effectiv
27、e embryonic learning could signal neurological strengths of children to parents.(2017江苏卷,阅读理解B篇) He observed Homer was still admired after two thousand years. 单句改错 I still love to record ideas and quotations that strike me in books,or observation that are particularly meaningful.,observation,that,ob
28、servationobservations,-27-,高频词汇,难点句型,11.take off脱下(衣、帽、鞋等);起飞;动身,离开;减去;大受欢迎 高考佳句 I took off my T-shirt and dived into the water.我脱下T恤跳入水中。(2018全国卷,完形填空) take back收回,拿回 take in吸收;理解;欺骗;收留;接待 take apart拆开 take down拆卸,拆毁;记下,录下 take up拿起;占据;对有兴趣 take over接任,接管,接收,-28-,高频词汇,难点句型,用恰当的介词或副词填空 Many business
29、es started up by college students have takenthanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.(2016江苏卷,单项填空) The idea that the government would take driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here.(2017天津卷,阅读理解C篇) After school she plans to take a year to model
30、 full-time before going to university to get a degree in engineering or architecture.(2017全国卷,语法填空) Successful product design takes consideration a products function,purpose,shape,form,color,and so on.(2016上海卷,听写),off,over,off,into,-29-,高频词汇,难点句型,12.turn up出现,露面,到场;调高(大);暴露出某物 高考佳句 He turned up at t
31、he hospital bearing gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy. 他带上给新妈妈Lindsey和她儿子的礼物到了医院。 (2018全国卷,完形填空) turn into (使)变为,转变为 turn for (使)变得 turn to sb 向求助 turn out 结果是,-30-,高频词汇,难点句型,用恰当的介词或副词填空 Pahlsson and her husband searched the kitchen,checking every corner,but turned nothing.(2017浙江卷,语
32、法填空) The games my parents taught me when I was a child turned_ to be very useful later in my life.(2018全国卷,短文改错) Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater a museum. (2017全国卷,阅读理解B篇) At last,I will be on my own,but I still want to have my parents
33、to turn whenever I need help.(2016全国卷,短文改错),up,out,into,to,-31-,高频词汇,难点句型,13.get across被理解,把讲清楚 高考佳句 Whats more,I have a gift for getting my ideas across. 而且,我有把自己思想表达清楚的才华。 get into进入;陷入;穿入;习惯于 get along=get on进展,(与)相处;获得成功;应付,过活 get through用完;耗尽;(设法)处理;通过(考试等);拨通电话 get back回去,回家;找回 get down下来,吞下,记
34、下,开始做某事 get off从下来;出发,动身 get on上(车/船/飞机等);进展;相处 get out of离开,摆脱 get over克服(困难),恢复 get up起床,起立 get rid of摆脱,消灭 get hold of找到,拿到,抓住,-32-,高频词汇,难点句型,用恰当的介词或副词填空 I couldnt believe I had got such a situation. As an outgoing girl,I get well with my classmates. .they saw that a woman was trying to get out t
35、he broken window.(2016全国卷,完形填空) 写作升级 Lucy spoke slowly,but she couldnt make her meaning understood by the girl. 满分表达Lucy spoke slowly,but she couldnt her meaning the girl.,into,on/along,of,get,across to,-33-,高频词汇,难点句型,14.break down(机器)出故障,损坏,不能运转;失败;(化学)分解;精神崩溃;感情失去控制 高考佳句 Researchers in Spain and E
36、ngland recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene,which accounts for 40% of plastics.西班牙和英国的研究人员最近发现,较大的蜡蛾蠕虫可以分解占塑料40%的聚乙烯。(2018北京卷,阅读理解C篇),-34-,高频词汇,难点句型,break into破门而入,强行闯入(后接宾语);突然开始(哭、唱等);把分成 break away from突然挣脱,摆脱 break in强行进入(in为副词);打断 break ones promise违
37、背诺言 break the law违反法律 break out爆发,突发 break through冲破,突破;克服,战胜 break up破碎;解散;结束;(学校)期末放假,-35-,高频词汇,难点句型,用恰当的介词或副词填空 When the container is full,you can suck the refreshment out through the tube,and wont have to break the still every time you need a drink.(2017全国卷,阅读理解D篇) When some refuse vaccination a
38、nd seek a free ride,immunity breaks and everyone is in even bigger danger.(2017北京卷,阅读理解C篇) Then she easily broke it two pieces. Norton Sound was covered with ice,which could sometimes breakwithout warning.(2016北京卷,完形填空) 单句改错 He broke out as he thought of his failure to sell all his papers.,down,down
39、,into,up,outdown,-36-,高频词汇,难点句型,15.run out of用完,耗尽(和use up用法相同) 高考佳句 After less than a week,I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly. 不到一周后,我开始注意到食品杂货很快就要用完了(2016上海卷,语法和词汇) 词义精析 (1)run out of “用完”。通常以人做主语,可以带宾语,可用于被动语态。 (2)run out “用完,用光”。通常以物做主语,是不及物动词短语,不能带宾语,且不可用于被动语态
40、。,-37-,高频词汇,难点句型,完成句子 Suddenly,he found that he salt. 突然他发现盐用完了。 写作升级 My money will soon run out.Could you lend me some? 满分表达 My money will soon .Could you lend me some?,had run out of,be run out of,-38-,高频词汇,难点句型,1.But its worth waiting for.(Page 25)但它值得等待。 be worth句型 Sth is worth doing是一个常用句式,表示“某
41、事值得做”。 (1)该结构中doing只用主动形式,表达被动意义; (2)句子主语常是该动词-ing形式的逻辑宾语,此时,该动词-ing形式应用及物动词(短语),故一些及物动词短语中的介词或副词不可丢掉; (3)在doing后不可用it,them等宾语; (4)表示“某事很值得做”应用Sth is well worth doing,well不可用very代替。,-39-,高频词汇,难点句型,完成句子 But the next time you find yourself among strangers,consider that small talk . 但下一次你发现你在陌生人中时,请考虑一
42、下稍作谈话是值得去麻烦做的。(2018全国卷,阅读理解D篇) I think his new TV series . 我认为他的这部新电视剧很值得一看。 单句改错 .the risk seems worth taken.(2016北京卷,七选五)I dont think the matter is worth talking at the moment.,is worth the trouble,is well worth watching,takentaking,talking后加about,-40-,高频词汇,难点句型,2.A friend of mine has just started
43、 jogging in order to get fit.(Page 25)我的一位朋友为了保持健康刚开始进行慢跑。 in order to do sth句型 (1)in order to do sth表示“为了”,用以表示目的,此处的to do sth为动词不定式; (2)in order to do sth的否定形式为in order not to do sth; (3)如果后面跟从句则常用in order that,相当于so that; (4)so as to do sth也用以表示目的,和in order to do sth的用法基本相同,其否定形式为so as not to do
44、sth。但值得一提的是,so as(not)to do sth一般不放在句首。,-41-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 But in order (stay) in business,arts groups must produce returns.(2018江苏卷,任务型阅读) In order (make) a change,you need to decide why its important.(2017全国卷,七选五) Mother doesnt watch TV in order (not disturb) me. 写作升级 She has turned down severa
45、l invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.(2017全国卷,语法填空) 满分表达She has turned down several invitations to star at shows on her studies.,to stay,to make,not to disturb,in order that she could concentrate,-42-,高频词汇,难点句型,3.Marco was surprised to see Chinese people using paper
46、money in the markets.(Page 26)马可吃惊地看到中国人在集市上使用纸币。 “be+ adj.+动词不定式”句型 be surprised to do表示“吃惊地做”。在“be+ adj.”后常用动词不定式做状语,常见的可用于此句式的形容词有amazed,astonished,excited,happy,pleased,disappointed,glad,sad,terrified等。,-43-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 When the gorillas and I frightened each other,I was just glad (find) th
47、em alive.(2018全国卷,语法填空) Im happy (receive) your letter and know youre coming to China.(2017北京卷,书面表达) With a quarrel in view,I was surprised (see) Alice was worried. 单句改错 Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity.(2018全国卷,单句改错),to find,to receive,to see,eager后加to,-44-,高频词汇,难
48、点句型,4.The next to go was Captain Oates,who was having great difficulty walking.(Page 28)接下来离开的是奥茨上校,他行走艰难。 have difficulty(in)doing sth结构 句中have difficulty(in)doing sth表示“在方面有困难(或麻烦);对有困难”,如果后面跟名词,则应用介词with,即用have difficulty with sth结构。类似的结构还有: (1)have trouble/problems(in)doing sth/with sth在有困难; (2)have fun (in) doing sth做某事很有趣; (3)have a hard/good time (in) doing sth做某事度过了艰难/很好的一段时间。,
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