1、Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China,Along with silk and paper，gunpowder is another invention by Chinese and the Silk Road helped it spread to the West.The dating of gunpowder is as early as 850 AD.The Chinese used gunpowder to make fireworks and gunpowder was also thought to
2、have been used in medicine and in alchemy(炼金术).The gunpowder used for military(军事的) purpose was first recorded in 919 AD.By the 11th century，explosive bombs filled with gunpowder were introduced and used in China.The first detailed description of using the “fire cannon” in warfare was in connection
3、with a battle fought in 1126 when the Song army used it against the invading enemy.,话题导入,The so-called “fire cannon” was a tube made of bamboo filled with gunpowder which，when fired，threw a flaming missile towards the enemy.According to a description of a battle scene in 1132，it took two persons to
4、carry a “fire cannon”，and the cannons were fired from a moving platform.And this platform had to be moved close to the wall of the besieged(被围攻的) city.The Chinese invention of gunpowder reached Japan，the Islamic countries and then Europe in the 13th century and the Arabs improved gunpowder for milit
5、ary use.,The early account of gunpowder in Europe was recorded by English philosopher Roger Bacon in the 13th century.One century later the Arabs used it to attack the Spanish town Baza and the next year in 1326 Florence ordered the manufacturing of cannon and cannon balls.From Italy the making of g
6、unpowder soon spread to other European countries，and by the 1350s it had become an effective weapon on the battlefield.,根据短文完成下列各题 1.Whats the best title for the passage? _ 2.List the countries the Chinese invention of gunpowder reached. (1) ； (2) ； (3) .,Gunpowder,Japan,Islamic countries,European c
7、ountries,基础自测,内容索引,要点探究,达标检测,课文预读,Period One Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary,基础自测,.重点单词,1. adj.平等的adv.平等地 2. n.重要；重要性adj.重要的 3. n.哲学家n.哲学 4. n.(常作复数)教导；学说vt.讲授；教授n.教师,equal,equally,importance,important,philosopher,philosophy,teaching,teach,teacher,5. n.思想家vt.想；思索；认为n.思考；想法 6. n.仁慈；善良adj.仁慈的，善良
8、的 7. n.秩序 8. n.原则；准则 9. n.职位 10. vt.强调,thinker,think,thought,kindness,kind,order,principle,position,stress,11. vi.辞职 12. n.顾问vt.劝告；建议n.忠告；建议 13. adj.有影响的n.影响vt.影响；对起作用,resign,adviser,advise,advice,influential,influence,1. 与相似 2. 与交战 3. 养育，抚养；提出 4. 采纳某人的建议 5. 因而出名 6. 在某些方面,.重点短语,be similar to,be at w
9、ar with,bring up,follow ones advice,become famous for,in some ways,.重点句式,1.the way作先行词的定语从句 Treat others in the way . 己所不欲，勿施于人。 2.It is/was a time when. But it was also a time there were many great philosophers. 但那也是一个产生了许多伟大的哲学家的时期。,you want to be treated,when,3.现在分词短语作伴随状语 For many years he trave
10、lled from state to state， (teach) the principles of Confucius. 许多年来，他周游列国，传授孔子的思想。 4.the reason why.is that. Mencius believed that the reason man is different from animals is man is good. 孟子认为，人之所以不同于动物，是因为人性本善。,teaching,why,that,5.if引导的虚拟条件句 He taught that if the government was kind，then people (be
11、) good. 他教导说如果政府施行仁政，人民就会向善。,would be,课文预读,.阅读课文，匹配段落大意,1.Para.1 A.Menciuss teachings. 2.Para.2 B.Mozis philosophy. 3.Para.3 C.Confuciuss ideas.,答案,1.What is the main idea of Confucius according to the text? A.Kindness，duty and order in society are very important. B.Government is more important than
12、 its people. C.All men are created equal. D.All men are born good.,.课文阅读理解,答案,1,2,3,4,5,2.What was the possible relationship between Confucius and Mencius? A.Teacher and student. B.Mencius was the follower of Confuciuss ideas. C.They all worked for the same state. D.Nothing related at all.,答案,1,2,3,
13、4,5,3.In which way was Mozis idea the same as that of Confucius? A.Men should be kind. B.Men were born equal. C.Government should be more emphasized than its people. D.People were more important than the government.,答案,1,2,3,4,5,4.In Menciuss opinion，which was the most important，the government，the r
14、uler or the people? A.The government. B.The ruler. C.The people. D.Not mentioned.,答案,1,2,3,4,5,5.What is the similarity of the three philosophers in ancient China according to the text? A.They were all born poor. B.They all wrote their own books. C.They all travelled from state to state. D.Their phi
15、losophies all influenced China for a long time.,答案,1,2,3,4,5,.课文阅读填空,kindness,duty,order,his mother,position,resigned,good,rulers,equal,human beings,1.Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other. 句式分析 句子中where.each other是 从句，修饰先行词 ，where在从句中作 状语。 自主翻译 _,.课文难句分析,place,定语,
16、地点,古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争。,2.However，when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice，he resigned. 句式分析 本句中，when引导一个 状语从句，该从句中又含有一个that引导的 从句，作 的宾语。 自主翻译 _ _,时间,宾语,然而，当他看到统治者不采纳他的建议时，他便辞去了,saw,官职。,Read the following passage and learn about the great inventions of ancient China. China is one of the
17、worlds oldest civilizations，dating back to thousands of years with its continuous history.For one thing，it contributed countless inventions to the world.For another，ancient Chinese philosophy is an essential cultural heritage(文化遗产) to China and the world as well.,核心素养提升,The Four Great Inventions of
18、ancient China are the signs of China being an ancient civilized country，occupying an important position in the history of human civilization.They refer to _ _.,papermaking，gunpowder，printing techniques and the compass,答案,要点探究,重点词汇,All human beings are equal.众生平等。,(1)equal adj.相等的；平等的；vt.等于；比得上；n.同等的
19、人，相等物 be equal to sth. /doing sth. 胜任；比得上 be equal (to sb. ) in sth. 在某方面(与某人)是同等的 equal sb. in sth. 在某方面比得上某人 have no equal in sth. 在某方面没有对手 (2)equally adv.相等地；平等地；同样地；公平地 (3)equality n.相等；平等,(1)No one equals him in strength. 论力气，谁也比不上他。 (2)No one was equal to her in skills and experience. 论技术和经验，没
20、人能比得上她。 (3)He music. 在音乐方面无人能与他匹敌。 (4)Anyone，whether he is an official or a bus driver，should be _ (equal) respected. 任何人，无论是官员还是司机，应该被平等尊重。,has no equal in,equally,句型转换 (5)I think I am fit for the job. I think I the job. (6)My brother equals me in strength. My brother in strength.,单句改错 (7)She is ve
21、ry weak and not equal to make a long journey.,am equal to,is equal to me,making,Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争。,be at war with.与交战 declare war on.对宣战 a civil/cold war 内/冷战 “at名词”表示“正在进行”或“从事”或“处于某种状态”，,常见的类似短语有： be at meeting在开会 be at church
22、在做礼拜 be at peace处于和平状态 be at risk处于危险中 be at play在玩耍 be at sea在海上；不知所措,(1)The country has been at war with its neighbor for two years. 这个国家与邻国打仗已经两年了。 (2)Germany France on 1 August 1914. 德国在1914年8月1日向法国宣战。 (3)When the soldiers rushed in，the people . 当士兵冲进来时，人们正在做礼拜。,declared war on,were at church,He
23、 stressed the importance of kindness，duty and order in society. 他强调仁爱、责任和秩序在社会中的重要性。,(1)stress vt.强调；施压于；使紧张；n.强调；压力；重音 stress the importance of.强调的重要性 lay/place/put stress on.强调 be under great stress处于重压之下 (2)stressed adj.紧张的；有压力的(常修饰人) (3)stressful adj.压力大的(常修饰物),(1)If you are suffering from stres
24、s，you may be more likely to become ill. 如果你有压力，你就更可能生病。 (2)English teachers lay/place/put stress on reading a lot. 英语老师强调要大量阅读。 (3)Happiness is what you feel when youre not feeling (stress). 幸福就是你没有压力时的感觉。 (4)Teaching can be a (stress) and tiring job. 教学可能是压力大而且使人疲劳的工作。,stressed,stressful,单句改错 (5)St
25、udents in Senior 3 are under a great stress now.,order n.秩序；顺序；命令；订单；vt.命令；订购；点菜 in order有序地；整齐地 out of order发生故障；次序颠倒,in order to do in order that,为了,place an order with sb. for sth. 向某人订购某物 order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 order that.命令(从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可以省略),(6)The boss ordered tha
26、t everything in the room (should) be in place. 老板命令房间里的一切东西都要秩序井然。 (7) (order) over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now. 一周前订购的这些书，现在预计随时可能到达。 (8)I cant use my computer because it is . 我无法使用我的电脑，因为它出故障了。 (9) find a better job，he decided to study a second foreign language. 为了找个更好
27、的工作，他决定再学一门外语。,Ordered,out of order,In order to,一句多译 (10)老师命令他尽早开始。 The teacher as soon as possible. The teacher as soon as possible.,ordered him to start,ordered that he (should) start,His father died when he was young，and he was brought up by his mother. 他早年丧父，由其母亲抚养成人。,bring up教育，抚养(孩子)；提出(议题等)；呕
28、吐 bring out使显现；说明；出版 bring about引起，导致 bring down降低；减少 bring in吸引；引进；赚得,(1)The examples bring out the meaning of this word. 这些例子显示了这个单词的意思。 (2)What the change in his attitude? 什么导致了他态度的变化？ (3)I tried to get them to the price，but they refused. 我努力让他们降价，但是他们拒绝了。,brought about,bring down,一词多义 写出下列句子中bri
29、ng up的汉语意思 (4)The woman had to bring up three young children on her own after her husband left her. _ (5)People laughed at the idea when I first brought it up. _ (6)He brought up all he ate. _,抚养,提出,呕吐,经典句式,For many years he travelled from state to state，teaching the principles of Confucius. 许多年来，他周
30、游列国，传授孔子的思想。,teaching the principles of Confucius是现在分词短语作伴随状语，表示分词所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生。 现在分词短语具有副词的特征，用作副词时，充当时间、条件、原因、伴随、结果、方式以及让步状语。,(1)Working hard，you will reach your goal sooner or later. 只要努力学习，你迟早会达到你的目标的。(条件状语) (2) ，his parents still managed to sent him to university. 尽管缺钱，他的父母还是设法送他上了大学。(让步状语) (
31、3)The cup fell off the table， . 杯子从桌子上掉了下来，摔成了碎片。(结果状语) (4)The man made a kite for his son . 这个人用这些旧材料给儿子做了一个风筝。(方式状语),Lacking money,breaking into pieces,using the old materials,高级表达 (5)The man stood there and he was pointing to the tall building.(用现在分词短语作状语改写) The man stood there， . (6)As she was i
32、ll，she had to be absent from class.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)，she had to be absent from class.,pointing to the tall building,Being ill,He taught that if the government was kind，then people would be good. 他教导说如果政府施行仁政，人民就会向善。,(1)If I were you，I should buy it. 如果我是你，我就买了它。(对现在情况的虚拟) (2)I was wearing a seatbelt.If
33、 I hadnt been wearing one，I would have been injured. 我当时系着安全带。如果没系的话，我会受伤的。(对过去情况的虚拟) (3)If she Jack，she happy. 如果嫁给杰克，她会幸福的。(对将来情况的虚拟),were to marry,would be,单句改错 (4)Had you told me about it earlier，I would come to your aid., have,达标检测,.单句语法填空,1.The freshmen said that they (bring) up in small towns
34、. 2.Those facts were (influence) in solving the problem. 3.The two sisters are often war with each other. 4.We remember his many small (kind) to the children. 5.The reason why he lied is he doesnt want to be fired. 6.There was a time I hated to go to school. 7.Its said that his father worked as an (
35、advise) when he was young.,were brought,influential,at,kindnesses,that,when,adviser,8.The twins are quite different from each other some ways. 9.The old map is of great (important) while youre traveling. 10.What a pity！If I (get) the ticket，I wouldnt have missed it.,in,importance,had got,.完成句子,11.没有
36、感觉到危险，这个男孩朝着森林里走去。，the boy walked into the forest. 12.我不喜欢你对我讲话的方式。 I dont like the way . 13.那是一个这种音乐非常流行的时期。this kind of music was quite popular.,Not sensing danger,(that/in which) you speak to me,It was a time when,14.他今天早上迟到的原因是遭遇了堵车。 The reason why he was late this morning was _ _. 15.如果你早点来，你就能
37、见到那位著名教授了。 If you had arrived earlier，you .,that he was caught in the traffic jam,would have seen that famous professor,.课文语法填空,There were many great philosophers in ancient China. Confucius，16. was born in 551 BC and died in 479 BC，was the 17. (great) philosopher.He stressed the importance of 18._
38、(kind)，duty and order in society.His ideas influenced Chinese society for over 2,000 years.,who,greatest,kindness,Mencius，born in 372 BC，was a student of Confuciuss ideas.So，his 19. (teach) were similar to those of Confucius.He believed man was born good and 20. people were more important than ruler
39、s.He wrote a book in his last years 21. (name) The Book of Mencius.,teachings,that,named,Mozi，who was born in 476 BC and died in 390 BC，was also 22._ influential philosopher.In some ways，his ideas were similar to those of Confucius.23. example，he 24. (think) government was most important.Mozi believed all men were 25. (equally).His idea of love differed from the Confucian idea of kindness.Mozi founded the philosophy called Mohism.,an,For,thought,equal,
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