1、Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia,写作专题,内容索引,Period Three Grammar & Writing,语法专题,语法专题,.用所给动词的正确形式填空 1.Scientists have tried many ways (solve) this problem and in China，a mass campaign has been started (help) solve it. 2.The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick d
2、ust makes it difficult (see). 3.Weather experts advise people not (go) out.,动词不定式和but+不定式,to solve,to help,to see,to go,4.Its difficult (breathe) and the dust makes me ill.So if you want (go) out，youd better wear a mask. 5. (prevent) it coming nearer，the government is planting trees.,to breathe,to g
3、o,To prevent,.完成句子 1.他要求被派往农村工作。 He asked to work in the countryside. 2.看到父亲睡着了，他尽量不弄出任何声响来。 Seeing his father was asleep， . 3.她看起来比实际年龄年轻多了。 She appears than her age. 4.明天举行的会议是关于如何控制污染的。 The meeting tomorrow is about how to control the pollution.,to be sent,he tried not to make any noise,to be muc
4、h younger,to be held,一、动词不定式的时态和语态形式,1.动词不定式的一般式：表示与主动词处于同一时间层面或动作发生于主动词之后。 He seems to understand what I said. 他似乎明白我说的话。 2.动词不定式的进行式：表示与主动词同时发生且动作正在进行。 The two cheats pretended to be working hard. 那两个骗子假装在努力工作。,3.动词不定式的完成式：表示不定式动作发生于主动词之前。 She seems to have seen this film. 她似乎已看过这部影片。 4.动词不定式的被动语态
5、：表示与逻辑主语之间的被动关系。 She asked to be treated equally. 她要求被公平对待。,完成句子 (1)Dont (假装懂) what you dont know. (2)When I came in，he happened (正在读书). (3)She (似乎忘掉了) the whole thing last night. (4)The bike needs (修理). (5)Im sorry (带来) you so much trouble.,题组训练1,pretend to know,to be reading,seemed to have forgott
6、en,to be repaired,to have brought,二、动词不定式的句法功能 不定式的句法功能是作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、定语、原因状语、目的状语、结果状语和评论性状语。 To live in China is Mr Smiths dream.(主语) 生活在中国是史密斯先生的梦想。 She promised to give him a chance.(宾语) 她答应给他一个机会。 Your job is to wash dishes.(表语) 你的工作是刷盘子。,The teacher told his students to pay attention t
7、o their pronunciation.(宾语补足语) 老师告诉学生们要注意发音。 I was asked to help him with his lessons.(主语补足语) 我被请求帮他学功课。 Have you got a pencil to draw pictures with？(定语) 你有绘图的铅笔吗？ Im ashamed to have to trouble you.(原因状语) 我很惭愧不得不麻烦你。,Some scientists went to Germany to attend a medical conference.(目的状语) 一些科学家去德国参加医学大会
8、。 He was too excited to say anything.(结果状语) 他兴奋得说不出话来。 I have never seen such a person，to tell you the truth.(评论性状语) 实话告诉你，我从来没见过这样一个人。,写出下列句子中不定式(短语)所作的成分 (1)To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can seek. _ (2)I cant afford to buy the house. _ (3)His job is to teach English. _ (4)I
9、 believe him to be honest. _ (5)He worked hard to pass the exam. _,题组训练2,主语,宾语,表语,宾补,目的状语,三、复合结构的不定式 “for名词(或代词宾格)动词不定式”即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for本身无意义。for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语，这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语或状语。 It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest. 为收获的季节准备好一切对我们来说很重要。 当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性
10、质或特征时，就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语，这些形容词一般有good，nice，kind，wise，silly，stupid，foolish，right，wrong，careless，impolite等。 It is very kind of you to help him every day. 你真是太友好了，每天都帮他。,四、疑问词动词不定式 疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、表语或宾语。 How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem. 如何阻止他们在这条河里游泳是个问
11、题。,五、but不定式 动词不定式在but，except，besides等表示“除了”之意的介词后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的某种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带to，否则带to。 She could do nothing but cry.她除了哭什么也不能做。 Tom did nothing except wait before his parents came home. 父母回家之前，汤姆只有等待。 What do you like to do besides swim?除了游泳你还喜欢做什么？ He did nothing else but laugh.他只是笑笑而已。 I ha
12、ve no choice but to accept the fact.除了接受这一事实，我别无选择。,拓展延伸 在cant but，cant help but，cant choose but(不得不，只能)结构后，不定式不带to。 There being no buses，he cant but walk home. 由于没有公共汽车，他只能步行回家。 He cant choose but accept the offer. 他别无选择只能接受提议。,用所给动词的正确形式填空 (1)I have nothing to do but (wait) here. (2)He had no choi
13、ce but (give) in. (3)She cant help but (obey) the agreement. (4)We cant choose but (return) unwillingly. (5)It was silly of you (believe) him.,题组训练3,wait,to give,obey,return,to believe,.用所给词的正确形式填空 1.I was watching the clock all through the meeting，as I had a train (catch). (2017天津) 2.Many airlines
14、now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online (save) their valuable time. (2017北京) 3.They are required (process) the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. (2017全国),to catch,to save,to process,4. (make) it easier to get in touch with us，youd bett
15、er keep this card at hand. (2016北京) 5.When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough (cool) the house during the hot day；at the same time，they warm up again for the night. (2015全国) 6.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on (thank)
16、 all the people who had helped in her career. (2015陕西),To make,to cool,to thank,7.Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students (talk) over what is bothering them. (2015湖南) 8.It took years of work (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. (2014新课标全国) 9.I heard a passenger behin
17、d me shouting to the driver，but he refused (stop) until we reached the next stop. (2014新课标全国) 10.There are still many problems (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. (2014北京),to talk,to reduce,to stop,to be solved,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误) 1.When summer comes，they will invite their students
18、 pick the fresh vegetables！ (2017全国，短文改错) 2.Its been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing. (2015四川，短文改错),to,to,3.I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits. (2015陕西，短文改错) 4.Meanwhile，I
19、found out that with more patience I might make my toys to last. (2012新课标全国，短文改错) 5.The commanding officer，Wayne Tyler，who was directly responsible for the study of all such reports，decided to making his findings known.(2011辽宁，短文改错),to,make,6.My brother was so fond of the museums there that he begged
20、 my parents to staying another couple of days. (2011大纲全国，短文改错),stay,写作专题,关于环境保护方面的议论文一般应注意以下几个方面： 1.观点明确，论据充分，时态正确。 2.条理清晰，内容连贯；可以使用it is well-known/as we all know/as is known，however/but，on the other hand等过渡性词汇。 3.环保类议论文一般按照“三段论”来写：介绍现象(提出问题)提出相关应对措施呼吁人们增强环保意识，自觉保护环境。,Writing about environmental pr
21、oblems,1.Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world. 2.The earth is our home and we have the duty to take care of it for ourselves and for our later generations. 3.On the one hand.on the other (hand). 4.When it comes to.，most people believe that.，but other people re
22、gard.as.,5.Measures have been taken to deal with these problems by the government. 6.I hope the problem will be solved in the near future and our home will become better and better. 7.In my opinion/It seems to me that./As far as I know. 8.A public education campaign should be launched to make people
23、 have a good knowledge of environment.,近年来沙尘暴肆虐我国。假如你是李华，请根据以下要点用英语写一篇100词左右的信向报社投稿，呼吁大家植树造林，保护环境。 过去我的家乡是一个美丽的地方。茂密的树木和青草随处可见。可是，为了盖房和种更多的庄稼，人们砍掉了越来越多的树。随着时间的流逝，整个树林几乎全被破坏了。渐渐地，青山变成了荒地。结果，沙尘暴时常来袭，给我们带来很多灾害。所以，我真的希望所有的人都认识到不保护环境的严重后果。而且，为了改善生活状况，我们应看护好树林，种更多的树而不是砍树。 参考词汇：荒地 wasteland,Step One 审题谋篇 写
24、作要求是写一篇关于沙尘暴的文章。写作时应注意下面几点： 1.确定文体：这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，写作中应注意文章结构。 2.主体时态：文章应以一般现在时为主。 3.主体人称：人称应该以第三人称为主。,写作步骤,Step Two 联想词汇 1.过去常常 _ 2.为了 _ 3.砍伐(树木) _ 4.结果 _ 5.不时地 _ 6.处理，处置 _ 7.在乎，关心 _ 8.照顾，照料 _,used to,in order to/so as to,cut down,as a result,now and then,deal with,care about,take care of,Step Three 句式
25、升级 1.过去我的家乡是一个美丽的地方。，my hometown was a beautiful place.(介词短语)My hometown a beautiful place.(used to be) 2.结果，沙尘暴时常来袭，给我们带来很多灾害。As a result，sandstorms struck us now and then， .(并列句)As a result，sandstorms struck us now and then ，_ _.(非限制性定语从句),In the past,used to be,and we suffered,a lot from it,from
26、which we,suffered a lot,3.所以，我真的希望所有的人都能认识到不保护环境的严重后果。 So，I all the people should realize the terrible result of not caring about our environment.(do强调谓语动词) So, its all the people should realize the terrible result of not caring about our environment.(同位语从句),do hope that,my hope that,4.而且，为了改善生活状况，我
27、们应看护好树林，种更多的树而不是 砍树。， ， we should take good care of the forests and plant more trees instead of cutting them down.(moreover；in order to do)，we should take good care of the forests and plant more trees instead of cutting them down improve our living conditions.(whats more；so as to do),Moreover,in ord
28、er to improve our living conditions,Whats more,so as to,Step Four 连句成篇 _ _,Dear Editor， Id like to tell you something about the changes of my hometown.My hometown used to be a beautiful place.Thick trees and green grass could be seen everywhere.However，in order to build houses and grow more crops，pe
29、ople cut down more and more trees.As time went on，the whole woods were almost destroyed.Gradually，the green hills have changed into a wasteland.As a result，sandstorms struck us now and then，from which we suffered a lot.,_,Measures should be taken to deal with these problems.So，its my hope that all the people should realize the terrible result of not caring about our environment.Whats more，we should take good care of the forests and plant more trees instead of cutting them down so as to improve our living conditions. Yours， Li Hua,本课结束,
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