1、Unit 3 Fairness for all Part One: Teaching DesignPeriod 1: A sample lesson plan for reading(THE START OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT)AimsTo help students develop their reading ability To help students learn about fairnessProcedures Warming up by learning about how to be a fair personHello, class. We h
2、ave come to Unit 3 Fairness for all. But what is fairness? What does a fair person do? How do fairness and unfairness affect our relationships with others?Have you ever said, “thats unfair“? How do you know when something is unfair? Has anybody ever tricked you or cheated you? How did you feel about
3、 it? Lets discuss how to be a fair person ourselves. Treat people the way you want to be treated. Take Turns. Tell the truth. Play by the rules. Think about how your actions will affect others. Listen to people with an open mind. Dont blame others for your mistakes. Dont take advantage of other peop
4、le. Dont play favorites. Warming up by learning about the six pillars of characterGood morning, class! Do you know the words “character”? How is your character formed? Your character is defined by what you do, not what you say or believe. There are six pillars or supporting stones of our character.
5、And they are: Trustworthiness Respect Responsibility Fairness Caring Citizenship Warming up by learning about some of the great menMartin Luther King is known throughout the world as a famous civil rights activist. He did not believe it was fair that blacks did not have the same rights as whites. He
6、re are some examples of ways blacks were treated unfairly in MLKs time. Separate drinking fountains “Colored“ balconies in movie theaters Mandatory seats in the back of buses Soldiers were needed to help young African Americans attend school safely.I. Pre-reading-American Civil Rights Movement (1896
7、-1954) The civil rights movement in the United States has been a long, primarily nonviolent struggle to bring full civil rights and equality under the law to all Americans. The movement has had a lasting impact on United States society, both in its tactics, the increased social and legal acceptance
8、of civil rights it brought about and its exposure of the prevalence and cost of racism. It has been made up of many movements, though it most often refers to the struggles between 1945 and 1970 to end discrimination against African-Americans and to end racial segregation, especially in the U.S. Sout
9、h. This article focuses on an earlier phase of that particular struggle, using two United States Supreme Court decisionsPlessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (1896), which enshrined “separate but equal“ racial segregation as constitutional doctrine, and Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954) wh
10、ich overturned Plessyas milestones. This is an era of stops and starts, in which some movements, such as Marcus Garveys Universal Negro Improvement Association, achieved great success but left little lasting legacy, while others, such as the NAACPs legal assault on state-sponsored segregation, achie
11、ved only modest results in its early years but gradually built to a key victory in Brown v. Board of Education. After the Civil War the United States offered civil rights and laws privledges to Afro-Americans. The Government of the United States passed an amendment ending slavery in 1865, it was the
12、 Thirteen Amendment of the United States Constitution. This amendment only outlawed slavery, it did not provide citizenship and equal rights. The government of the United States passed another amendment giving Afro-Americans residing in the United States citizenship. In 1868, the Fourteen Amendment
13、of the United States Constitution was passed, offering Afro-Americans citizenship. Blacks born in the United States had equal protection under the laws of the Constitution. and the 15th Amendment (1870), which provided the right to vote to all citizens, regardless of race. During Reconstruction (186
14、5-1877), Northern troops occupied the South and enforced these new constitutional amendments. Many blacks took prominent positions in society, including elected office. Reconstruction ended following the Compromise of 1877 between Northern white elites and Southern white elites. The compromise calle
15、d for the withdrawal of Northern troops from the South, giving Southern whites a free hand to reinstitute discriminatory practices, in exchange for deciding the contentious Presidential election in favor of Rutherford B. Hayes, supported by Northern states, over his opponent, Samuel J. Tilden. The R
16、adical Republicans who spearheaded Reconstruction had attempted to eliminate both governmental and private discrimination by legislation. That effort was largely ended by the Supreme Courts decision in the Civil Rights Cases, 109 U.S. 3 (1883), in which it held that the Fourteenth Amendment did not
17、give Congress power to outlaw racial discrimination by private individuals or businesses.II. Reading On page 22 there is an article entitled “THE START OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT”You are going to read it to the recording. Now read the text again to: cut/ the sentence into thought groups, blacken t
18、he predicative, darken the connectives and underline all the useful expressions. THE START OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENTSunday, December 4th, 1955Today /we went to church/ where our minister, Martin Luther King, Jr, announced that/ a boycott of the buses/ and trolleybuses will begin tomorrow. Ive alw
19、ays hated having to sit/ in the worst seats/ on the bus /so /Im happy to support it. Dr King encourages us /to fight against this unfair system/ which prohibits us /blacks /from sitting /where we like. It is regarded as an offence/ if we sit /at the front of a bus /and/ if we break this law, we rece
20、ive a heavy punishment. But /on Thursday, Im glad to say, this unjust separation of people/ on the basis of skin color/ was challenged. A black lady, Rosa Parks, got on board a city bus /and sat in the fifth row/ with three other blacks. Gradually/ the seats/ for whites/ filled until one white man r
21、emained standing. By law/ he could not sit with Rosa/ and by tradition /blacks were expected to move. All four /were asked to stand. The other three /submitted/ but Rosa was unwilling to do so/ and she refused. She was arrested. How brave /she was! Im not sure/ if I would have had enough courage/ to
22、 refuse/ like that.King /and the other black leaders/ in Montgomery/ have seized on this incident/ and decided on a collision course /to change the law. Theyre hopeful that /they can negotiate a fairer situation/ if all the blacks /support them. But I do worry about what will happen tomorrow. Will i
23、t be chaos?December 5th, 1955This morning /I yawned/ as I woke /even earlier/ than usual, but my sister, Serena was already up. She urged me/ to dress quickly /and to wear my most comfortable sandals. Immediately /I jumped out of bed. I like to be punctual/ for work /and no boycott is going to make
24、me late. By coincidence/ a bus arrived /as we reached the empty bus stop, but we ignored it. Normally/ we would have been only too happy, as it would have guaranteed us a seat/ for the whole journey. But /not today! Taxis passed/ all full of passengers/ as we pedestrians marched on the pavement. Tho
25、se /in the cars /waved /and /we saluted them back. The whites, on the other hand, shouted abuse at us. We felt their hostility /but it only made us firmer/ in our resolve. Luckily/ when I felt /I could walk no further, a black taxi driver/ offered us a lift. It seemed like an answer /to a prayer! No
26、 chaos /after all/ and I even arrived at work/ on time!The boycott continued very successfully/ for a year. Maryann Jones became accustomed to travelling to work /without the bus. Meanwhile /the hostility of the whites/ grew.January 25th, 1956What excitement! Serena came home /to say that /the news/
27、 that the boycott was over/ was going to be all over the newspapers /tomorrow. I was eager to know the result. “Its not true,” she shouted at me. “Its just a story/ made up by the whites /to stop our campaign. Weve been too successful /for them. Martin Luther King, Jr came/ and told me /himself /tha
28、t it was just a trick. We must continue /till we win.” Ive never seen her /as angry as that, so I kept quiet. Maybe/ white businesses are suffering now /since we dont shop downtown/ anymore. But it must mean /were winning. I wont mind my tired feet/ tomorrow. I wonder whether /theyll try other trick
29、s?They did. The houses of Martin Luther King, Jr /and the other leaders/ were bombed. But/ this did not stop the boycott. Encouraged by a Supreme Court decision/ that public education /must be mixed nationwide, the leaders went to court/ to argue against separation /on buses. It was not until Novemb
30、er 13, 1956/ that the US Supreme Court/ declared separation/ on buses/ was not constitutional.November 13th, 1956Today is a red letter day! In court /we won a fundamental victory /in the battle /for our civil rights. If black /and white students /must now be educated together, why should people be s
31、eated /in buses /according to the color of their skin? The Supreme Court agreed /it was wrong, so /from now on /well be able to sit/ where we like /on buses. My happiness is complete! We may only have struck one small blow /for liberty/ but/ who knows /where itll lead?Maryann Jones was right. The su
32、ccess/ of the Montgomery bus boycott /began the Civil Rights Movement /that led to the improvement /of conditions /for black people /in education, housing, jobs, voting /and hotels /throughout the USA.III. Copying expressions and making sentencesgo to church, hate doing sth., on the bus, encourage s
33、b. to do sth., fight against, prohibit sb. from doing sth., be regarded as sth., at the front of sth., break the law, receive a heavy punishment, be glad to do sth, separation of people, on the basis of, skin color, get on board a bus, fill the seat, by law, by tradition, be expected to do sth., be
34、asked to do sth., be unwilling to do sth., have enough courage to do sth., decide on sth., a collision course, change the law, negotiate a fairer situation, earlier than usual, be up, urge sb. to do sth., jump out of bed, be punctual for work, make one late, by coincidence, an empty bus stop, guaran
35、tee sb. sth., march on the pavement, on the other hand, shoute abuse at sb., be firm in ones resolve, offere sb. a lift, arrive at work on time, become accustomed to sth., be all over the newspapers, be eager to do sth., know the result, shout at sb., make up a story, keep quiet, try another trick,
36、public education, go to court, the US Supreme Court, a red letter day, in court, win a fundamental victory, in a battle for sth., civil rights, according to, from now on, strike a small blow, the success of sth., the Civil Rights Movement, lead to sth., the improvement of conditions for sb.IV. Trans
37、ferring informationTHE START OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT Sunday, December 4th, 1955What did Martin Luther King, Jr, announce one day?Martin Luther King, Jr, announced that a boycott of the buses and trolleybuses will begin tomorrow. December 5th, 1955What did I feel in the whites?We felt their host
38、ility but it only made us firmer in our resolve.January 25th, 1956What did Martin Luther King, Jr, come to tell us?Martin Luther King, Jr came and told me himself that it was just a trick. We must continue till we win.”November 13th, 1956What did win in court?In court we won a fundamental victory in
39、 the battle for our civil rights.V. Closing down by getting to know-what is fairness? One of the major causes of conflict is that two people think things are not fair. By fair, we can also include the ideas of just, equal, good, ethical or moral, and the mechanisms of how we achieve this state. I am
40、 reminded of the following problem. You have two children, and a delicious ice cream cake sits before them. The task is, how to divide it, so that there isnt a fight over who gets the larger half.A most remarkable solution comes from Game Theory. The optimum strategy: let one child cut the cake, whi
41、le the other chooses which piece to take! Thus, in order not to get cheated, the cutter is motivated to divide the cake into two halves that are as nearly equal as possible. Greed insures fair division. Each child anticipates what the other will do, (the cutter anticipates the chooser will take the
42、larger piece) and this is what makes it such an interesting game. The children do not have to even think about generosity or what is fair, just self-interest, and the outcome is fair! And if the children cannot decide who is going to cut, well then, it will just melt away!Additional MaterialsAdditio
43、nal reading Fairness for AllBy Scott BaanrudTo my fellow man,I am a white American living in Minnesota. I am 29 years old and feel the pain of the Muslim plight of the past decades. I am a humble man who will be the first to tell you that I do not have a complete understanding of the history of the
44、Muslim people. I do have a desire to understand more fully. That is what brought me to your site. I believe in humanity and fairness for all of man. I do not belong to a particular faith or subscribe to a particular political party.I guess what I am saying is that I try to be a teacher to the people
45、 I know or have conversations with. It is up to us as people to foster an understanding of how this hate and distrust has been building for many, many years. The mainstream media in my country has delivered a big injustice to all who desire to know the truth of the world and our foreign policies. We
46、 as Americans have the ability to put in power a just government that will deal with the rest of the world in a truly fair and honorable fashion.I will continue to teach. It is our duty as American citizens to be fully aware of how our government deals with the rest of the world. I have wept for the
47、 loss of innocent lives in New York. But I have been weeping for the loss of innocent lives in the Middle East for over a decade. May peace be with you.Scott Baanrud One World One PeaceComplete the summary of the text with one word in each blank.The Montgomery Bus Boycott officially started on Decem
48、ber 1, 1955. _1_ was the day _2_ the blacks of Montgomery, Alabama, decided _3_ they would boycott the city buses _4_ they could sit _5_ they wanted, instead of being relegated to the back _6_ a white boarded. It was not, however, the day _7_ the movement to desegregate the buses started. Perhaps th
49、e movement started on the day in 1943 _8_ a black seamstress named Rosa Parks paid her bus fare _9_ then watched the bus drive off as she tried to re-enter through the rear door, _10_ the driver had told her to do. Perhaps the movement started on the day in 1949 _11_ a black professor Jo Ann Robinson absentmindedly sat at the front of a nearly empty bus, then ran off in tears _12_ the bus driver screamed at her for doing so. Perhaps the movement started on the day in the early 1950s _13_
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