1、 Unit4 单元测试单元测试 第一部分阅读 第一节 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。 A Madame Marie Curie is famous for having won two Nobel Prizesin Physics in 1903 and again in 1911 in Chemistry, but many other women have also been awarded the prize. Here are their stories. Sigrid Undset Sigrid Undset is one of the t
2、hree Norwegian authors (and so far the most recent one) to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature. Undset received the Prize in 1928, for her powerful description of life during the Middle Ages in Scandinavia. In her lifetime, she wrote two huge novels set against the background of Norway in th
3、e 13th century, the 3-volume Kristin Lavransdatter, and the 4-volume Olav Audunssonn. Gerty Theresa Cori Gerty and her husband，Carl Cori，moved to the United States in 1922, where the two medical doctors worked together ( against the advice of their colleagues) at the Roswell Park Cancer Institute in
4、 New York, hoping to find the cure for diabetes(糖尿 病）.In 1947，Gerty, Carl and the Argentine doctor Bernardo were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, making Gerty the first woman to hold the honor. Maria Goeppert-Mayer Bom in 1906 in Germany, Maria Goeppert-Mayer moved to the US with h
5、er husband Joseph Edward Mayer, a chemist, in 1930. While in the US, Goeppert-Mayer developed the nuclear shell model, for which she shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics with Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen and Eugene Paul Wigner. She was the first woman to receive the award in 60 years. Dorothy Crowf
6、oot Hodgkin OM Dorothy Hodgkin showed a love for science as a child, and at age 18, she began studying chemistry at a women-only Oxford college. She earned her PhD at the University of Cambridge, where she first took an interest in X-ray crystallography and began studying the structure of proteins.
7、In 1934，she moved back to Oxford, where she was appointed the universitys first research chemistry fellow. Her work on mapping vitamin B12 earned her the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1964. 1. What is Sigrid Undset well-known for in history? A. Her discoveries. B. Her inventions. C. Her books. D. Her
8、social work. 2. How old was Goeppert-Mayer when she won the Nobel Prize? A. 30. B. 57. C. 60. D. 63. 3. Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry according to the passage? A. Sigrid Undset. B. Gerty Theresa Cori. C. Maria Goeppert-Mayer. D. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin OM. B People have different ways of dea
9、ling with the common cold. Some take over-the-counter (非处方的)medicines such as aspirin while others try popular home remedies(疗法）like herbal tea or chicken soup. Yet here is the tough truth about the common cold： nothing really cures it. So why do people sometimes believe that their remedies work? Ac
10、cording to James Taylor, a professor at the University of Washington, colds usually go away on their own in about a week, improving a little each day after symptoms peak, so its easy to believe its medicine rather than time that deserves the credit, USA Today reported. It still seems hard to believe
11、 that we can deal with more serious diseases yet are powerless against something so common as a cold. Recently, scientists came closer to figuring out why. To understand it, you first need to know how antiviral (抗病毒白勺） drugs work. They attack the virus by adhering (附着） to the surface of the virus an
12、d changing the surface structures of the virus. To do that, the drug must fit and lock the virus like the right piece of a jigsaw (拼图)，which means scientists have to identify the virus and build a 3-D model to study its surface before they can design an antiviral drug that is effective enough. The t
13、wo cold viruses that scientists had long known about were rhino vims (鼻病毒）A and B. But they didnt find out about the existence of a third virus, rhino vims C, until 2006. All three of them contribute to the common cold, but drugs that work well against rhinovirus A and B have little effect when used
14、 against C. “This explains most of the previous failures of drug trials against rhinovirus， ” study leader Professor Ann C. Palmenberg at the University of Wisconsin-Madison，US，told Science Daily. Now, more than 10 years after the discovery of rhinovirus C, scientists have finally built a highly-det
15、ailed 3-D model of the virus, showing that the surface of the virus is, as expected, different from that of other cold viruses. With the model in hand, hopefully, a real cure for the common cold is on its way. Soon, we may no longer have to waste our money on medicines that dont really work. 4. What
16、 does the author think of existing remedies for the common cold? A. They are quite effective. B. They are slightly helpful. C. They actually have no effect. D. They still need to be improved. 5. How do antiviral drugs work? A. By breaking up cold viruses directly. B. By changing the surface structur
17、es of the cold viruses. C. By preventing colds from developing into serious diseases. D. By absorbing different kinds of cold viruses at the same time. 6. What can we infer from the passage? A. The surfaces of cold viruses look quite similar. B. Scientists have already found a cure for the common co
18、ld. C. Scientists were not aware of the existence of rhinovirus C until recently. D. Knowing the surface structure of cold viruses is the key to developing an effective cure. 7. What is the best title for this passage? A. Drugs against cold viruses B. Helpful home remedies C. No current cure for the
19、 common cold D. Research on cold viruses C British parents encourage their children to play musical instruments as part of a family tradition (传统）rather than raising their childrens competitiveness as American parents do. Dr. Aaron Reeves from Oxford University found that UK parents do not see music
20、al practice as character building or a useful thing in getting a place in university or getting jobs for their children. Instead，they usually encourage their children to follow their interests. This is different from what the other researchers found in America. Middle-class parents in the US appear
21、to associate (联系）these cultural practices with other worldly benefits and often center these music activities around the school subjects. Researchers think that it may be due to the fact that US parents have become increasingly worried about providing their children with skills and abilities enablin
22、g them to stand out from their competitors. However, for British parents, no such direct connection is made with future education or job advantages. The parents interviewed here did not connect music with usefulness but rather they just paid attention to the value of music and saw musical practice a
23、s a family tradition and，to some degree，as something valuable in its own right. One Scottish parent said during an interview, “Weve got two learning musical instruments. If they think it is fun， we try and encourage them， but we wouldnt force them.” Another housewife said,“My son has just turned fiv
24、e and I want him to play the guitar because his uncle is good at it, but its up to my son.” “Lots of UK parents dont think music practice could be very helpful for childrens confidence or school success. They say that it takes time and some talent for children to gain a competitive advantage,” said
25、Dr. Reeves. “I think they are right.” 8. What does the underlined word “their” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. The US parents. B. The UK childrens. C. The UK parents. D. The US childrens. 9. What do British parents think of music learning? A. It is useful for their children to get better jobs. B. It can
26、 be helpful to build their childrens confidence. C. It helps their children to succeed in their schoolwork. D. It would be better for children to take it as a hobby. 10. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Both the US and UK parents are right. B. The other researchers findings are misle
27、ading. C. Dr. Reeves agrees with the UK parents. D. Only the talented children can benefit from music learning. 11. What is the text mainly about? A. The benefits of extra music learning for children. B. The American parents attitude towards music learning. C. Differences in parenting styles between
28、 the British and American. D. Different attitudes towards music learning in the UK and the US. D The most commonly known use for ultrasoundhigh-frequency sound waves human ears cant hear is examining a fetus (胎儿）as a medical device during pregnancy. But there are plenty of other uses. Many offices h
29、ave occupancy sensors that use ultrasound to detect movements and keep the lights on when someone is in the space, and off when nobody is around. These sensors operate at frequencies such as 32 kilohertz, far above what the human ears can hearwhich is a range from 20 hertz to 20 kilohertz. Other pro
30、ducts use ultrasound to deliver targeted sound, for instance allowing a museum to play a recording for visitors in one area of an exhibit without disturbing others nearby. Electronic repellents (驱虫剂) use ultrasound to keep rodents or insects at bay. A similar product can even be used to disperse (驱散
31、） teenagers； aging tends to reduce peoples ability to hear higher frequency sounds, so a noisemaker can annoy kids without adults even noticing. This has also let teens create smartphone ringtones their elders cant hear. Airborne ultrasound is not inherently (固有地） bad. But things can go wrong. A for
32、mer colleague of Kevins used to hear strange sounds from his hearing aid when in rooms with occupancy sensors, likely because the hearing aids electronics improperly converted the ultrasound into audible noise. The noise was annoying, but not harmful. A similar problem tainted the research of one of
33、 our students，conducted in a room that，unbeknownst to him，had an ultrasonic room occupancy sensor in the ceiling. One of us has conducted research in which carefully crafted ultrasonic signals secretly activate voice-control systems，even unlocking an iPhone with a silent “Hey, Siri” command, and tel
34、ling it to make a FaceTime call. Sound can also affect the physical world, as when a singer shatters a wine glass. Micro-electrical mechanical sensing chipssuch as accelerometers used in car airbag systems and smartphones, and gyroscopes in dronesare susceptible to the same interference. Those syste
35、ms can be attacked with sounds, crashing a drone mid-flight，or fooling a smartphone about whether its moving. Its well-known that sounds that are too loud can damage peoples ears and hearing. However, theres little evidence of ultrasound causing bodily harm without prolonged, direct physical contact
36、 at high intensity. If you are accidentally subjected to extremely intense ultrasound (such as when holding an ultrasonic arc welder)， you could experience an annoyance like a headache or a temporary loss of balance. The US Occupational Safety and Health Administration warns of potential health risk
37、s from audible subharmonic by-products of ultrasound, so more than the ultrasound itself. 12. According to the passage, what happens as people get older? A. They can hear sounds of frequency of 32 kilohertz. B. They can hear sounds of frequencies which are lower than 20 hertz. C. Their ears become d
38、uller and even completely deaf to high-frequency sounds. D. They can hear noise that annoys a large number of kids. 13. What do Paragraphs 5 and 6 mainly talk about? A. Electronic devices can perform human commands. B. Ultrasound has a clear effect on the physical world. C. Both ultrasound and human
39、-audible sounds can affect electronics. D. The hearing aids electronics dont change the ultrasound into audible noise. 14. What attitude do academics hold towards safe levels of airborne ultrasound? A. Optimistic. B. Worried. C. Confused. D. Reserved. 15.Which diagram correctly shows how the passage
40、 is developed? A B C D 第二节 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 After the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP)，the World Health Organization (WHO) has offered basic protective measures to the public against the vims. 1.Wash hands frequently with soap and water or use alcohol-based
41、 hand rub if your hands are not visibly dirty. 16 . 2. 17 .If you sneeze or cough into your hands, you may contaminate (污染)objects or people P1 P4 P5 P7 P8 P9 P1 P5 P6 P9 P1 P2 P8 P9 P1 P6 P7 P9 that you touch. Throw tissues immediately into a closed bin and clean your hands with alcohol-based hand
42、rub or soap and water. 3.Keep at least one-meter distance between yourself and other people, particularly those who are coughing， sneezing or having a fever， because coughs or sneezes of people who are infected with the disease project (喷射)small drops containing the virus. 18 . 4.Avoid touching your
43、 eyes, nose and mouth because hands touch many surfaces, which can be contaminated with the virus. If you touch your eyes, nose or mouth with your contaminated hands, you can transfer the virus from the surface to yourself. 5.Tell your health care provider if you have traveled in an area where the e
44、pidemic (流行病)has been reported, or if you have been in close contact with someone who has respiratory (呼吸的) symptoms. 6.Practice general hygiene (卫生) measures when visiting live animal markets, wet markets or animal product markets. 19 . Avoid contact with potentially contaminated animal waste or fl
45、uids on the soil or structures of shops and market facilities. 7. 20 . Handle raw meat, milk, or animal organs carefully to avoid cross- contamination with uncooked food. A. Avoid eating animal products B. If you are too close to these people，you can breathe in the virus C. This helps to know if the
46、 virus is on your hands D. Avoid eating raw or undercooked animal products E. This helps to remove the virus if its on your hands F. Strictly avoid any contact with animals in the market G. Cover your mouth and nose with tissues when coughing and sneezing 16._17._ 18._19. _20. _ 第二部分语言运用 第一节 阅读下面短文，
47、从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Tom was a middle-aged businessman whose repeated failure in his work made him an upset man, often complaining (抱怨） that others had been playing tricks on him. One day he told his wife he was so 21 with the city that he had to leave. So his family moved to 22 city.
48、 It was in the evening of a weekend when Tom and his wife were busy 23 up their new home that the light suddenly went out. So they had to 24 work. Because Tom had forgotten to bring along candles, he had to wait helplessly in a low mood. Just then he heard slight knocks on his door that sounded clea
49、r in the 25 night. “Whos it?” he wondered, since Tom had no 26 in the new city. And this was the moment he especially disliked being disturbed or troubled. 27 , he went unwillingly to the door and opened it impatiently. At the door was a little girl, shyly asking, “Sir, do you have 28 ? Im your neig
50、hbour.” “No!” answered Tom in anger and he shut the door 29 . He complained about it to his wife, “As soon as we settled down, the neighbour came to borrow things.” After a while, the door was knocked again. He opened it and found the 30 girl outside. But this time she was holding two candles，saying
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