2020考研英语一真题及答案 (1)

1、20202020 考研英语一真题及答案考研英语一真题及答案 【完形】 Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Even if families dont sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a shar

2、e this weekend of one of that nations great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winters day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health. The Food Standards Auth

3、ority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such ada

4、rmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans. Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to f

5、ollow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15 Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17

6、,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but reduce their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening. 1. AIn BTowards Con DTill 2. A match Bexpress Csatisfy Dinfluence 3.Apatien

7、ce Benjoyment Csurprise Dconcem 4.Aintensified Bprivileged C compelled Dguaranteed 5. Aissued Breceived Cignored Dcancelled 6. A under Bat Cfor Dby 7. Aforget Bregret Cfinish D avoid 8. Apartially Bregularly C easily Dinitially 9. AUnless BSince CIf DWhile 10.A secondary Bextermal C conclusive D neg

8、ative 11.Ainsufficient Bbound Clikely Dslow 12.AOn the basis of BAt the cost of C In addition to DIn contrast to 13.Ainteresting Badvisable Curgent Dfortunate 14.AAs usual BIn particular CBy definition DAfter all 15.Aresemblance Bcombination C connection Dpattern 16.Amade Bserved Csaved Dused 17.ATo

9、 be fair BFor instance CTo be brief DIn general 18.Areluctantly Bentirely C gradually D carefully 19.A promise B experience Ccampaign D competition 20.Afollow up Bpick up C open up Dend up 答案（1-20） 1. on 2. match 3. enjoyment 4. intensified 5. issued 6. at 7. avoid 8. easily 9. while 10. conclusive

10、11. bound 12. on the basis of 13. advisable 14. after all 15. connection 16. served 17. to be fair 18. entirely 19. campaign 20. end up 【阅读】 Section III Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your an

11、swers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1 A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK town of culture award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has bee

12、n awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to p

13、ut together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs. Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of

14、 European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, wh

15、o knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture? It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run year of culturewashes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. T

16、he really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimist

17、ic light. It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgows year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex se

18、ries of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today. A town of culture could be not just about the arts but about honouring a towns peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and

19、 turn it into action. 21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a town of culture award could A consolidate the town-city ties in Britain. B promote cooperation among Britains towns. C increase the economic strength of Britains towns. D focus Britains limited resources on cultural events. 22. Accordi

20、ng to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as A a sensible compromise. B a self-deceiving attempt. C an eye-cotching bonus. D an inaccessible target. 23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it A endeavours to maintain its image. B meets the aspirations of its

21、 people. C brings its local arts to prominence. D commits to its long-term growth. 24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present A a contrasting case. B a supporting example. Ca background story. D a related topic. 25. What is the authors attitude towards the proposal? A Skeptical B Objective C

22、 Favourable D Critical 答案（21-25） 21.D focus Britains limited resources on cultural events. 22.B a self-deceiving attempt. 23.D commits to its long-term growth. 24.B a supporting example. 25.C Favourable. Text2 Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in

23、which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge. With the content of papers s

24、ecured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an exis

25、tential crisis. The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures

26、 seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article publi

27、shed since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants. In Britain the move towards open access publishin

28、g has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit b

29、efore being placed on general release. Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to

30、 $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these article preparation costs had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation. In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the

31、 hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power. 26. Scientific publishing is seen as a licence to print money partly because A its funding has enjoyed a steady increase. B its marketing strategy has been succes

32、sful. C its payment for peer review is reduced. D its content acquisition costs nothing.! 27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have A thrived mainly on university libraries. B gone through an existential crisis. C revived the publishing industry. D financed researchers

33、 generously. 28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? A Relieved. B Puzzled. C Concerned. D Encouraged. 29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms A allow publishers some room to make money. B render publishing much easier for scientists. C reduce the cost

34、 of publication substantially. D free universities from financial burdens. 30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model? A Trial subscription is offered. B Labour triumphs over status. CCosts are well controlled. D The few feed on the many. 答案（26-30） 26.D its content acqu

35、isition costs nothing. 27.A thrived mainly on university libraries. 28.D Encouraged. 29.A allow publishers some room to make money. 30.D The few feed on the many. Text 3 Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such p

36、olicies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people. A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure gender parity on boards and commissions, prov

37、ide a case in point. Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions wil

38、l be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022. The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the l

39、aw, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional. The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an important policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prio

40、r discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of equal protection. But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what? The n

41、umber of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent. Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for b

42、oard membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota. Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the

43、pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a golden skirt phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards. Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures

44、that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women. 31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will A help little to reduce gender bias. B pose a threat to the state government. C raise womens position in politics. D greatly broaden career options. 32. Whi

45、ch of the following is true of the Califormia measure? A It has irritated private business owners. B It is welcomed by the Supreme Court. C It may go against the Constitution. D It will settle the prior controversies. 33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate A the harm from arbitr

46、ary board decision. Bthe importance of constitutional guarantees. C the pressure on women in global corporations. D the needlessness of government interventions. 34. Norways adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to A the underestimation of elite womens role B the objection to femal

47、e participation on boards. Cthe entry of unqualified candidates into the board. D the growing tension between labor and management. 35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text? A Womens need in employment should be considered. B Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making. C

48、 Everyone should try hard to promote social justice. D Major social issues should be the focus of legislation. 答案（31-35） 31.A help little to reduce gender bias. 32.C It may go against the Constitution. 33.D the needlessness of government interventions. 34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into t

49、he board. 35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking. Text4 : Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data