中考英语培优(含解析)之主谓一致
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1、聚焦考点温习理解定义:在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。根据主谓语之间的规律大致可归纳为三个原则,即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。一、语法一致语法一致即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词就用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词就用复数形式。当 and 连接两个或多个名词,或 both.and.连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:Tom and Mike are good friends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友。Both Lucy and Lily are students.露西和莉莉都是学生。不定代词either, neither,any
2、body,anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody, everything,nobody,no one,nothing 等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Is there anything wrong with your bike?你的自行车有什么毛病吗?Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.大家都在为运动会做准备。由 each,each.and each.,every.and every.,every.作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Each boy and ea
3、ch girl was given a new book.每一个男孩和每一个女孩都被给了一本新书。主语后有 with,along with,together with,as well as,no less than,more than,including,besides ,like ,except,but 等词或短语时,谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。如:Mr.Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing.格林先生将和他的妻子及两个女儿一块儿来北京。“a number of名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式
4、; “the number of名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:A number of trees are cut down.许多树木被砍倒了。The number of students in our class is 32.我们班学生人数为 32。“a lot of(lots of,plenty of, a pile of,piles of,most of)名词” 和“分数或百分数名词”等作 主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词,如果是不可数 名词,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。如:Lots of people have been there
5、.很多人去过那儿。由“a pair(a kind,a series.)of复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;“pairs(kinds.) of复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:A pair of sunglasses is lying on the table.一副太阳镜放在桌子上。Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day.每天能制作 15 双鞋。某些只有复数形式的名词( 如 clothes,trousers,shorts,pants,shoes,gloves.)作主语 时,谓词动词用复数形式。如:My shoes were worn o
6、ut.我的鞋子穿坏了。不定式或动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Reading is learning.读书就是学习。二、逻辑意义一致原则意义一致又叫概念 一致,即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。来由 and 连接的两个名词,如果是指同一概念( 即 and 后面无冠词 ),则谓语动词用单数形式。如:The teacher and writer is coming to give us a report next week.那位老师兼作家下周要来给我们作报告。The singer and dancer has been invited to the party.那位歌唱
7、家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加了聚会。表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等复数名词及词组作主语时,一般被看做一个整体,谓语动词常用单数形式。如:Three years is a long time.三年是一段很长的时间。集体名词( 如 fam ily,tea m,crowd ,company,class,group,government.)如果表示整体概念,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示集体中的成员,则谓语动词用复数形式。如:My family is a small one with three people.我家是一个有三口 人的小家庭。people,police,cattle 等集合名词作主语时,谓语动词用
8、复数形式。如:The police are helping a girl find her mother.警察正在帮助一个女孩找妈妈。算式中,表示加法和乘法时谓语动词可用单数形式,也可用复数形式,但表示减法和除法时谓语动词必须用单数形式。如:What is/are three times three?3 乘以 3 是多少?三、就近一致原则在英语句子中,有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。1. 当两个主语由 either or, neither nor, whether or , not only but also 连接时,谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。2. there be 句型 be 动
9、词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由 a nd 连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。注意:Here 引导的句子用法同上。名师点睛典例分类类型一、语法一致来源:Z,xx,k.Com【例 1】Everyone in my class _ a new book.Ahave Bhas Chaving Dis举一反三1.The professor, together with some students, _ the lecture hall at that time.Awere entering Bare entering Cwas entering Dis entering类型二、意义一
10、致【例 2】Fifty percent of my monthly p ocket money _ spent on entertai nment.Aam Bis Care Dbe举一反三1.The wolves killed two-thirds of the sheep in that area and the rest _ rescued in time.Ais Bare C was Dwere类型三、就近原则【例 3】Look! There _ some flowers and books on the shelf.Aam Bis Care Dbe课时作业能力提升1. Lily _ m
11、any good friends. She can always _ them for help.Ahas; asks Bhas; ask Chave; ask Dhave; asks来源:2. A set of keys _ on the desk. _ your mothers?Oh, Yes. Thanks.Ais; Are they Bare; Are they Cis; Is it Dare; Is it3. My sister _ to bed at about 9: 30 every evening.来源:ZXXKAgo Bgoes Cto go Dgoing4. Look! _
12、 stars _ shining in the dark sky. Thats so beautiful!A A number of; is BThe number of; isC The number of; are DA number of; are5. There _ many kinds of flowers in the park.Aam Bis Care6 . Every student the uniform in our school.Ahave to wear Bhas to wear Chave to wearing Dhas to wearing7. Online sho
13、pping is easy, but _ _ in the supermarket usually _ a lot of time.Ashop; takes Bshopping; takeC shop; take Dshopping; takes8. He never_ the train to work.Atake Bby Ctakes聚焦考点温习理解定义:在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。根 据主谓语之间的规律大致可归纳为三个原则,即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。一、语法一致语法一致即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词就用单数形式;主语是复
14、数形式时,谓语动词 就用复数形式。当 and 连接两个或多个名词,或 both.and.连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:Tom and Mike are good friends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友。Both Lucy and Lily are students.露西和莉莉都是学生。不定代词either, neither,anybody,anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody, everything,nobody,no one,nothing 等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Is there
15、anything wrong with your bike?你的自行车有什么毛病吗?Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.大家都在为运动会做准备。由 each,each.and each.,every.and every.,every.作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Each boy and each girl was given a new book.每一个男孩和每一个女孩都被给了一本新书。主语后有 with,along with,together with,as well as,no less than,more than,including,
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