牛津译林版英语八年级下Unit4 Grammar课件

8B Unit 4 A good read,Grammar,,1.—（do） that kind of thing is foolish 2.I decide ____(see)you this evening. 3.We found a house ___ (live) in. 4.She came here —— (study) English 5.He asked the patient ___(not eat) cold water 6.Millie showed us how___(do)next. 7.They are discussing what colour__(paint).,,(1) I did not know where I could find other people. (2)He wondered who he could ask for help. (3)Sandy isn’t careful enough to notice small changes.,New words,hand,hand in,v. 交；递，给,上交，递交,review,return,renew,on time,n. 评论,[rɪ vjuː],v.归还,准时,v.续借；更新,[rɪ njuː],动词不定式,,To do that kind of thing is foolish。,I want to see you this evening.,All you have to do is to finish it quickly.,We found a house to live in.,She came here to study English.,He asked the patient not to eat cold water after the operation.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,Revise to-infinitives,Using question words + to infinitives,Andy doesn t know ____________.(穿什么),what to wear,Presentation,Millie can’t decide _________________.（买哪本书）,which book to buy,They don’t know _________ to the station.（怎样去）,how to go,We can use a question word with a to- infinitive after a verb. e.g. 1. Millie has decided________________(读什么). 2. Daniel did not say _____________(和谁交谈)about this book. 3. Simon forgot ______________(什么时候见)his friends. 4. Kitty cannot decide ________________(选哪一个)first. 5. Sandy is wondering ______________(去哪儿请求)for help. 6. Amy does not know _____________(怎样写)the report.,what to read,who to talk to,when to meet,which to choose,where to ask,how to write,我们可以用疑问词加动词不定式放在动词后做宾语。,All question words can be used in this way, except why.Suzy will explain why to recommend this book.Suzy will explain why she recommend this book.,,,√,×,所有疑问词中，只有why不可以与动词不定式连用,We can use a verb + object before a question word with a to-infinitive.,advise, ask, decide, discuss, find out, forget, know, learn remember, say, show, teach, think, understand, wonder,e.g. 1. Mr Wu advised us ________________ (选择哪一个) as after-school activities. 2. The students asked their teacher ______________(什么时候上交)their work. 3. Millie showed us________________(下一步做什么). 4. Daniel taught himself__________(怎样用)a computer todraw. 5. Don’t forget to tell your mum _______________you.,which to choose,when to hand in,what to do next,how to use,where to meet,(在哪儿接),我们可以在疑问词+动词不定式前使用动词+宾语,We can use a noun after what, which, whose, how many and how much.,(我们可以在what, which, whose, how many和how much后加上一个名词),e.g. 1. They are discussing ____________________(涂哪一个颜色) the walls.2. You can ask your parents _____________________ (带多少钱)with you.,which color to paint,how much money to take,e.g. Suzy was not sure ______________(向谁请求)help.Are you clear ___________ (什么时候见面) at thegate tomorrow?,who to ask for,when to meet,We can also use an adjective like sure or clear before a question word.,( 我们还可以在疑问词钱用像sure 或clear这样的形容词。),四种结构1) 动词+ 疑问词 + to do sth.2) 动词+ 宾语+ 疑问词+to do sth.3) 动词+ 疑问词+ 名词+ to do sth.4) adj. (sure/clear)+ 疑问词+to do sth.,疑问词+不定式,I don’t know what to say next.我不知道接下来该说什么。 I can’t decide which to take.我不能决定该拿哪一个。Please tell me how to get there.请告诉我怎样到那儿。,e.g.,2.“疑问词+动词不定式” 结构在句子中还可以做主语和表语。1) _________________ (如何处理 ) the waste is still a hard problem.2) The problem is ______________ (何时离开)the place.,3. “疑问词+动词不定式” 结构可以改写成由该疑问词引导的从句。e.g. I don’t know what to do.(该做什么)= I do not know what I should do. 注意：所有疑问句中,只有why不可以 与动词不定式连用。,What to do with,when to leave,(1) He did not know where he could find other people. = _______________. (2)He wondered who he could ask for help. = _____________________. (3He did not know how he could break the ropes. = ______________. (4) He found out what he could do with the tiny man. = ______________. (5) He decided when he should leave Lilliput. = _____________. (6) I don’t know______________________________.(怎么办) =_________________________,where to find,4. 同义句转换,who to ask for,how to break,what to do,when to leave,what to do / how to do it,what I should do /how I should do it,Amy and Daniel are talking about their Reading Week. Complete their conversation. Use the correct question words and to-infinitives.,Amy: Mr Wu has recommended so many interesting books. Have you decided (1) ____________ first, Daniel? Daniel: Yes. I want to read Black Beauty first. But I don’t know (2) ___________ the book.,how, what, ask for, find, when, where, hand in, read, which, who, speak, travel, write about,which to read,where to find,Amy: You can try our school library or Sunshine Library. Oh, did you know Peter is reading Around the World in Eighty Days? He wants to find out (3) ___________ around the world in such a short time. Daniel: Wow, that’s amazing! By the way, can you tell me (4)______________ our book report?,how to travel,when to hand in,Amy: Before next Friday. I’m still not sure (5) _________________ in the report. Daniel: You can write anything about your book – what the book is about, what you think of it and so on. You should read some reviews about the book before writing.,what to write about,Amy: Thank you. Anyway, I know (6) ______________ help with writing. Mr Wu is always there to help us.,who to ask for,Using must and have to,We must obey school rules when we re at school.What school rules do we have? What must we do? What mustn’t we do?,We must wear school uniforms. We must get to school on time. We must keep quiet in the school library. We mustn’t throw rubbish on the ground. We mustn’t pick the flowers in the garden.,We use must when the speaker feels that something is necessary. We use must not to say that something is not allowed.,Presentation,If you’re ill and the doctor asks you to stay at home, what’ll you have to do? Do you have to go to school at weekends? No, we don’t have to.,We use have to when the situation makes something necessary. We use do not have to to say that it’s not necessary to do something.,Different forms：has to, had to, will have to and have／has got to.,We use must and have to to say that it is necessary to do something.We use must when the speaker feels that something is necessary.e.g. “I must run away from them,” Gulliver thought.,must & have to 用法,We use have to when the situation makes something necessary. e.g. I have to use them to reach the box on the fridge.She has to take her daughter from school in the afternoon.,We use must not to say that something is notallowed.e.g. You must not smoke in the library.We use do not have to to say that it is not necessary to do something.e.g. We do not have to go to school at weekends.,We use must and have to to say that it is necessary to do something,Have to has different forms, has to had to will have to have/has got to,Tip1,must not = mustn t do not have to = don’t have to,Tip2,Tip,表示义务、命令或必要，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，“必须，得，要”。,must的用法小结,must用在一般疑问句中，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t 或don’t have to,you needn’t. / don’t have to,you must,--Must I hand it in before five?,-- No, you _________________________.,-- Yes, ______________.,You must finish your homework today.,We must keep our word.,You must not park your car here.,You mustn’t smoke in the office.,2. must 用在否定句结构中表示“不允许、禁止, 不能，不行”。”,have to 的用法小结,1. have to 表一种客观的需要，“不得不”。have to 有人称和数的变化。e.g. It is getting dark. He has to go home now.得Mum is out, so I have to look after the shop. 2. have to 的否定形式do not have to, 相当于need not 。e.g. They do not have to buy a computer at the moment.,He does not have to go.不必,must和have to的区别,含义不同： must 表示说话人的主观思想，强调个人意志和主观的心。have to 侧重于客观上的必要，强调客观条件 作用的结果。You must do it now. I have to go now.,2. 适用时态不同must 只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时（在间接引语中）, have to 可用于更多的场合。She said she must do well in her English.,3. 否定含义不同在否定句中, have to表示不需要，must则 表示不允许。You don’t have to go there.You mustn’t go there.,4. 注意：must 还可以表示肯定猜测，意思是 “一定” 。否定的猜测是can’t。e.g. You must be hungry after all that walking.走了那么远的路，你一定饿了吧。That can’t be Lucy. She has gone to America.那肯定不是Lucy，她已经去了美国。,Amy is telling her cousin Shirley some library rules. Complete what she says with must, must not, have to or don’t have to.,You (1) _____ keep quiet in the library. You (2) _____ keep the books clean and tidy. You (3) _______ draw or write on the books .,must,must,mustn’t,You (4) _______ eat or drink in the library. You (5) _____ return the books on time. If you want to keep them longer, you (6) ______ renew them. You (7) ____________ bring your student card every time you go to the library, but remember to bring yourlibrary card.,mustn’t,must,have to,do not have to,Millie 已经决定读什么了。 2. Daniel没有说和谁谈论这本书。 3.Simon忘记什么时候接他的朋友。 4. Kitty不能决定先选哪一个。 5. Sandy想知道去哪儿寻求帮助。 6. Amy不知道怎样写报告。7. 上交,Millie has decided what to read.Daniel did not say who to talk to about this book. Simon forgot when to meet his friends. Kitty cannot decide which to choose first. Sandy is wondering where to ask for help. Amy does not know how to write the report. hand in,Phrases,8. 写有关… 9. 在这么短的时间 10. 等等 11. 读一些有关…评论 12.在写作上请求帮助 13. 吴老师总是会给我们帮助 14.你不可以在图书馆抽烟 15. 我们周末不需要上课。 16. 按时还书 17. 想要再借久点 18. 续借他们 19. 带上你的学生证 20. 记住带上你的借书证,write about in such a short time and so on read some reviews about ask for help with writing Mr Wu is always there to help us.You must not smoke in the library. We don’t have to go to school at weekends. return books on time want to keep them longer renew them bring your student card remember to bring your library card,一、完成下列句子。 1. I don’t know ______________________ (在会上说什么). 2. Can you tell me ___________________ (在哪里能买到这本书)? 3. _________________________________ (在何时何地召开这会议) hasn’t been decided yet.,what to say at the meeting,where to buy this book,When and where to hold the meeting,Exercises,翻译句子,1.我不知道如何解决这个问题. I _____________________________. 2.汤姆不知道该和谁玩. Tom______________________________. 3.我忘了下一步该做什么. I forgot ___________________________. 4.我们还没决定在哪儿见面. We haven’t ________________________. 5.请告诉我何时开班会. Please tell me ____________________________.,when to begin the class meeting,doesn’t know who to play with,what to do next,decided where to meet,don’t know how to solve this problem,1. When I go into the clothes shop, I always can’t decide _____ one to buy. 2. My grandfather doesn’t know ____ to use a computer. 3. --- Will you please show me ____ to drive a car?--- Yes, of course. Now let me tell you ____ to do first. 4. I will tell Lucy _____ and _____ to meet.,which,how,how,what,when,where,二、用how, which, what, when, where填空。,Exercises,Don’t be late again. You ____ be here on time.A. may B. can C. must D. needn’t You ___ do it even if you don’t want to.A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. have to 3. —— Must I take a bus?—— No, you ___. You can walk from here.A. mustn’t B. don’t C. don’t have to D. had better not to,,,,Remember the grammar in this lesson.,