1、专题十四书面表达说明类（90 分钟 95 分）考点 01：冠词 3 颗星考点 02：代词 3 颗星考点 03：介词和介词短语 2 颗星考点 04: 名词 3 颗星 考点 05：主谓一致 5 颗星考点 06：形容词和副词 5 颗星考点 08：非谓语动词 5 颗星考点 09：动词的时态和语态 5 颗星考点 10：定语从句 3 颗星考点 13 状语从句 3 颗星考点 14 特殊句式 2 颗星考点 32: 书面表达说明文 5颗星一、语法填空1阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。You may like reading novels for fun. But you
2、 need to get (organize) if you are reading a novel for school. Here (be)a few tips.First, pay attention to characters. What do they do in the novel? What do they want? Everything is about a character can help us to understand him, from his (appear) to the kind of food he eats.Besides, the order of t
3、he story and the plot are (equal) important. Make sure that as you read, you make quick note of what happens in each chapter. This will help you bring the things you have noticed about the character, setting, language and so on together. Its also an enormous help for you to retell the story after yo
4、u have read it.Next, themes. They are ideas that a novel explores. is a must to get the hang of the theme if you want to fully appreciate the novel. Perhaps love is a major theme, or justice, or (survive).Furthermore, novels are made up language. Writers use language in a special way (make) their no
5、vels work. They may use metaphors, invent symbols, or show different characters personalities through their speech styles.2.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical
6、 community(医学界) _a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side _(effect) such as overweight and heart disease-the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required _(process) the food that we eat, to recover fro
7、m injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt _(remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As _result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even _(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food _(be) full o
8、f fat and salt; by _(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be _(care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is p
9、ossible to have too much of both, _is not good for the health.3.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Diets have changed in China and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country _ (grow)more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _past 25 years, while rice has increased on
10、ly 7 percent.A taste for meat is _(actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corns rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice _(improve) water quality. Corn uses less water _ rice and creates less
11、 fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased _(pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total _(globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that be
12、tween 2005when the government _(start) a soil-testing program _gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. Chinas approach to protecting its environment while _(fe
13、ed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.“ says the banks Juergen Voegele.二、书面表达4假如你是李华,你的美国笔友 Jay的父亲因工作调动要到你所在的城市工作,他们计划搬至你所在的小区居住,Jay 写信向你询问小区的情况,请你根据以下提示给他回信:1.表示欢迎;2.你所在的小区适宜居住的理由(至少两条)注意:1.词数 100左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。Dear Jay,Best wishes!Yours,Li H
14、ua5.假如你叫李华,寒假期间你去英国伦敦旅游,你的英国朋友 Philip热情地帮助了你。回国后,你打算用英语给他发一封 e-mail表示感谢,并邀请他暑假时来天津旅游。要点:1.伦敦的泰晤士(the Thames)和大本钟(Big Ben)等景点给你留下了深刻印象,希望再次访问伦敦;2.天津历史悠久,有著明的独乐寺(Dule Temple)、黄崖关长城(the Great Wall in County Ji )、石家大院(Shi Mantions)等众多名胜古迹;3.天津有很多美食,欢迎来品尝。注意:1.短文内容应包含以上全部信息,可适当补充以使行文连贯。2.词数不少于 100。开头和结尾已
15、给出,不计入总词数。Dear Philip,_I look forward to seeing you in Tianjin.Yours,Li Hua参考答案一、语法填空答案： organized; are; that; appearance; equally; a; It; survival; of; to make解析： 本文作者就阅读小说给了一些建议,在读小说过程中要注意人物形象、故事顺序和情节、主题和语言。1、organized 考查动词。句意:如果你读小说你需要有条理。此处是 get+过去分词结构表示状态,故填 organized.2、are 考查动词。句意:这有一些建议。tips
16、是复数形式与之对应,故填复数形式 are.3、that 考查定语从句。句意:关于主人公的一切都能帮助我们理解他。因为先行词是不定代词 Everything,引导词只能用 that,故填 that.4、appearance 考查名词。句意:关于主人公的一切都能帮助我们理解他,从他的外貌到他吃的食物。根据 his此处要用 appear的名词形式,故填 appearance.5、equally 考查副词。句意:此外,故事的顺序和情节也是同等重要的。此处修饰形容词important要用副词形式,故填 equally.6、a 考查冠词。句意:确保你读的时候,把每章中发生的事快速做笔记。此处 note是可
17、数名词,make a quick note 指快速做笔记。故填 a.7、It 考查 it的用法。此处 it做形式主语,真正的主语是不定式 to get the hang of the theme。句意:如果你想充分欣赏小说,掌握小说的主题是非常必要的。故填 it.8、survival 考查名词。句意:或许爱、正义或生存是小说永恒的主题。此处和前面的major theme, justice并列,要用 survive的名词形式,故填 survival.9、of 考查固定短语。be made up of“由组成”,句意:此外,小说由语言构成。根据句意和固定短语填 of.10、to make 考查不定
18、式。句意:作者以特殊的方式运用语言使自己的作品起作用。此处是不定式表目的,故填 to make.2.答案：as; effects; to process; are removed; a; worse; is; eating; careful; which解析：as 考查介词。句意:这个做法最初是医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的形式开始的。as表示“做为,以身份”,故填 as。effects 考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”,根据前文的 some可知“副作用 side effect”有很多,故填 effects。to process 考查不定式。句意:他们被要求加工食物
19、 require表示“要求”,require sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”,被动形式为“sb. be required to do sth.”表示“某人被要求做某事”。故填 to process。are removed 考查被动语态。句意:当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉,分析可知 fat,salt和move之间是被动关系,脂肪和盐分是被人民去掉,所以用被动语态。故填 are removed。a 考查冠词。固定短语 as a result表示“结果”,句意结果,人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填 a。worse 考查比较级。句意更糟糕的是,人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。故填
20、worse。is 考查主谓一致。句意快餐食物中充满了脂肪和盐。fast food 的意思是“快餐”,表示一类食物,为不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。故填 is。eating 考查动名词。句意通过吃更多的快餐,人们将在饮食中摄入超过需求量的脂肪和盐。根据前文中的 by可知此处应该填名词,所以填 eat的动名词形式。故填 eating。careful 考查形容词。句意然而,注意不要走极端。分析语境可知 be后面应该用形容词做表语,故填 careful。which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐,那对健康没有好处。分析可知 which is not good for the he
21、alth为非限制性定语从句,先行词为前文中的 have too much of both“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”。故填 which。3.答案：has grown; the; actually; to improve; than; pollution; global; started; that/which; feeding本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了中国为保护环境在农作物种植上做了一些变化并得到了世界上的知名认识的认可。考查时态。since 加时间点,主句要用现在完成时。句意:2011 年以来,中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填 has grown。考查冠词。句意:玉米产量在过去 25年里增长了近 1
22、25%,而大米只增长了 7%。故是特指在过去的 25年里。故填 the。考查副词。句意:对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整,用副词修饰句子。故填 actually。考查非谓语动词。句意:为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词是 encourages,故 improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的,故用不定式。故填 to improve。考查连词。句意:玉米比大米使用的水更少。根据关键词 less可知,填比较连词。故填than。考查词性转换。句意:这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染,使人们的饮用水更加安全。has decreased 后跟名词作
23、宾语,故填 pollution。考查词性转换。句意:中国约占全球化肥总消费量的 30%。fertilizer consumption 是名词短语,故应该用形容词修饰。故填 global。考查谓语动词。句意:在 2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是 when引导的定语从句,由于时间是 2005年,故用过去时。故填 started。考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词 gives可知,该空缺少主语,指代 program并且引导后面的句子。指物用 that/which,故填 that或者 which。考查省略句。句意:中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策
24、制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作,while 后面省略掉了 China is,省略句的原则:在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、,让步状语从句中,如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有 be动词时,那么可以把主语和 be动词一块省略。故填feeding。点睛:学会分析句子成分。The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 - when the government started a soil-testing program which /that gives specific fertilizer recom
25、mendations to farmers - and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 这句话中有两个定语从句。一个是关系副词 when引导的定语从句,先行词是 2005,the government是主语,a soil-testing program 是宾语,故此空缺少谓语动词,我们可以看出时态是一般过去时。另一个是关系代词指代 program引导的定语从句,先行词是 program,gives是第三人称谓语动词,可以看出是考查关系词。代指物并作主语,关系词要用 that/which。二、书面表达答案： Dear Jay,I
26、was so pleased to receive your letter the other day. I am even happier to hear that you and your family will be moving to our neighborhood next month.You are really going to enjoy staying in my neighborhood. It is a wonderful, peaceful area with a lot of greenery and open spaces to play in. And peop
27、le in my neighborhood are friendly and easy-going. Besides, the houses are beautiful and I hold the belief that your parents will find the house to their taste. And the roads are well-maintained and kept clean. Last, there are many nice shops where we can shop together. You will definitely be happy
28、here.Best wishes!Yours,Li Hua5.答案：Dear Allen,Thank you very much for your help while I was in London during my winter vacation. I had a good time there and I was impressed with the famous sights of London, like the Thames River and Big Ben. The Thames River was very beautiful and Big Ben was bigger
29、than I had imagined. I was very excited to see them and I hope to visit London again.In turn, Id like to invite you to come to visit Tianjin some day. Tianjin is also a beautiful city with a long history. Its full of places of interest, such as the Dule Temple, the Great Wall in County Ji, Shi Mantions and so on. When you come, I will show you around. I believe you will have a good time here.I look forward to seeing you in Tianjin.Yours,Li Hua
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