1、专题八七选五说明类（90 分钟 100 分）考点 01：冠词 3 颗星考点 03：介词和介词短语 2 颗星考点 04: 名词 3 颗星 考点 06：形容词和副词 5 颗星考点 08：非谓语动词 5 颗星考点 09：动词的时态和语态 5 颗星考点 10：定语从句 3 颗星考点 12 并列连词 4 颗星考点 13 状语从句 3 颗星考点 24：七选五说明文 5 颗星一、七选五1.根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。What makes one person more intelligent than another? What makes one pe
2、rson a genius, like the brilliant Albert Einstein, and another person a fool? Are people born intelligent or stupid, or is intelligence the result of where and how you live? _We know, however, that just being born with a good mind is not enough. In some ways, the mind is like a leg or an arm muscle.
3、 _ Mental exercise is particularly important for young children. Many child psychologists think that parents should play with their children more often and give them problems to think about. _If, on the other hand, children are left alone a great deal with nothing to do, they are more likely to beco
4、me dull and unintelligent._ According to some psychologists, if parents are always telling a child that he or she is a fool or an idiot, then the child is more likely to keep doing silly and foolish things. So it is probably better for parents to say very positive things to their children, such as “
5、That was a very clever thing you did.” or “ _”A.A healthy body contributes to ones intelligence.B.Parents should also be careful about what they say to young children.C.What people want to express is like this.D.The children are then more likely to grow up bright and intelligent.E.It needs exercise.
6、F.You are such a smart child.G.These are very old questions and the answers to them are still not clear.2 根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Every animal sleeps,but the reason for this has remained foggy.When lab rats are not allowed to sleep,they die within amonth. One idea is that sleep he
7、lps us strengthen new memories. We know that,while awake,fresh memories are recorded by reinforeing (加强) connections between brain cells,but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons (神
8、经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight,making room for fresh memories to from the next day. Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 percent smaller than those taken before sleep,showing that the connections
9、 between neurons weaken while sleeping.If Tononis theory is right,it would explain why,when we miss a nights,we find it harder the nextday to concentrate and learn new information-our brains may have smaller room for new experences.Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over
10、time even though the synapscs become thinner.The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. “You keep what matters,”Tononi says.A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.B. Its as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.C. Similarly, w
11、hen people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.E. Thats why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.F. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who develop
12、ed the idea.G. Tononis team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.3.根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入横线处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选。As a child grows up,you may wonder how you can teach him to become a respectful adult. _A child who learns to respect not only learns to receive respect
13、 from others,but also learn to respect himself.Show him respect.This is the best way to teach your child how to respect others.Listen to your child attentively and he will learn to listen to you,understanding how important this is in communication._The more you say “please” and “thank you” to your c
14、hild,the more likely he will learn to use them.Politeness then becomes a normal part of any conversation.Agree to disagree._Explain your decision so that he will understand you and expect respectful responses.Disagreeing with you doesnt necessarily mean disobedience (不顺从).Control your impulse to ove
15、rreact.(过分反应)When a situation arises(出现),stay calm and keep in mind that you are supposed to be modeling correct behavior. _Praise,praise,praiseSo much is focused on what a child does wrong and how to correct it that his accomplishments (成绩) are not celebrated enough. _A.Teach manners by using polit
16、e requests and responses.B.Try to remember that a child wont always agree with you.C.Respect is necessary for a meaningful and successful life.D.If he sees you lose your temper,he is more likely to respond that way in future.E.A child may act as he pleases,and he will live a happy life.F.Seeing a ch
17、ild exhibit respectful behavior,make sure he knows how proud you are of him.G.Respectful behavior is always accompanied by bad behavior as a child.4 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning ,and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key t
18、o easy morning wake-up lies in resting your body clock. Here is how to make one. In order to make a change, you need to decide why its important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about
19、your reason, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes,
20、 and bags. Thats a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If youre tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the
21、following week, a recent study found. Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After youve tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. If not, take another look at other methods you could try.A. Get a sleep specialist.B. Find the ri
22、ght motivation.C. A better plan for sleep can help.D. And consider setting a second alarm.E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up.F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the caf to get coffee.二、语法填空5 I was living a l
23、ife in my screen and hardly noticed what (be) around me. I was always checking the time and thinking of future (plan).My thought was:“Whos going to text me now? What will I do next?” My bedtime routine was usually centered one thing:my phone. I went to sleep,I browsed through news websites and check
24、ed my emails. When I woke up in the middle of the night, I did the same thing. The problem with this was that I felt anxious every night.So when my friends invited me (go)for a long weekend camping without the cell service,I thought this was (exact) what I needed. Heres how (keep)away from my phone
25、for 48 hours changed me and my way of life.Without my phone,I (fall) asleep listening to the songs of frogs and crickets .In the morning,I woke up energy. Sitting by the river,riding a bike,or singing the old songs,I (true) enjoyed what I was doing.I felt free without my phone at weekend camp, chang
26、ed me completely. I listened to what my body wanted instead of what my phone was telling me to do.6 My grandfather is a (retire) worker. On summer evenings, we often sat together outside the house (enjoy) the cool air. It was the time that he told me lots of his experiences before liberation.When my
27、 grandfather was fourteen years old, he worked in a coal mine. One day, when he and his two workmates were working in the tunnel, an (fortune) thing suddenly happened. A part of the tunnel fell down, and they were shut in it. They had no food (eat). When they were hungry, they only drank some water
28、there. It was very cold in it. In order to keep warm, they hugged one another. In the darkness, they didnt know whether it was day night, they only felt they had stayed there for a very long time. They were too hungry to speak or move, and thought they (die). At last, the tunnel (dig) through. They
29、were saved. They had been there for fourteen days! My grandfather said they werent let out at once. If ,they would have died. They were kept at the entrance to the tunnel it was very dim, and they were fed some thin porridge. After a day or two, they had recovered a bit, and they were helped out.7.
30、Living in the city and living in the countryside have many advantages for children.While the city may offer better educational opportunities,I believe that it is _(healthy)for children to live in the countryside.One of the worst _(aspect)of living in the city is pollution.Many businesses and factori
31、es produce a lot of waste, _contributes to the dirty air in the city.This isnt healthy for anyone,especially for children.Besides,children _(live)in the city often miss the chance to learn about nature.They can learn about it from textbooks and museums,but they dont _(true)get to experience it.In th
32、e countryside,children can watch plants and animals grow, _ they can learn about the part which they all play _ bringing balance to the Earth.Lastly, living in the countryside is better for children because _have a chance to play more freely and get better exercise than in the city.There _(be)full o
33、f people,cars and buildings in the city while in the countryside,children can play freely without _(worry)about being hit by a car.All in all,it is beneficial for children to live in the countryside.8.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In 1850, an American lawyer, James N.Bethune, bought a slave to w
34、ork in his home. The slave, a woman, had a small child _(call) Tom, who was blind and autistic(孤僻的).One day, Bethune _(walk) around his garden when he heard music coming from the house. He went inside and found young Tom playing on the family piano. Bethune _(immediate) realised that the boy, who wa
35、s only four, had special abilities. He asked a band of _(music) to come to the house and play in front of him. Tom reproduced perfectly the music he had heard. It was obvious that Tom had the ability to memorise and repeat pieces of music after _(hear) them just once.In 1857, “Blind Tom” took part _
36、his first public performance. The reviews were so good _Bethune took him on a tour of the U.S. Three years later, Blind Tom _(invite) to the White House, where he performed for the President. Over the next forty years, Tom performed _(enjoy) shows all over the U.S., as well as visiting Canada, the U
37、.K. and several South American countries. His concerts were _mixture of classical music and his own compositions.Blind Tom died in 1908.参考答案一、七选五1.答案：G; E; D; B; F解析：根据前面的几个问题可知 G 符合要求。根据前面的 the mind is like a leg or an arm muscle.肌肉需要锻炼.可知 E 正确。根据前面的 give them problems to think abou 可知要提出问题让孩子回答,孩子
38、才更有可能聪明。根据本段内容可知父母要注意孩子所说内容根据前面的 That was a very clever thing you did.可知下面这一句应该是和它相似的一句表示鼓励的话。答案： C; E; F; G; B3.答案：C; A; B; D; F解析：文章是关于如何培养成一个受尊敬的人,文章从几个方面,讲述了如何培养。C 该空位于句首,该空前面说的是“如何使自己成为一个受尊敬的人”该空后面说的是“尊敬的人不仅局限于受尊敬,也应该学会自重。”该段主要围绕尊敬这个话题来说的,所以选择 C 项。A 该空所在段断尾有“Politeness then becomes a normal par
39、t of any conversation.”在将礼貌对于尊敬的影响,所以选择 A 项。G 根据后文的 Politeness then becomes a normal part of any conversation.说明是再说 agreement 与 disagreement 的问题,所以备选项当中 G 项比较符合。D 根据该段的标题 Control your desire to overreact.可以推断是再说如何控制自己的情绪,所以选项当中选择 D。F 根据该段的 Praise, praise, praise,在备选项当中 F 项比较符合语境。考点:考查信息匹配。答案： C; B;
40、G; F; E解析： 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了如何做计划建立好生物钟,保持早睡早起的好习惯。第一个空考查前后句的连贯。第一段最后一句说“以下是如何制作一个”,代词one 指代“计划” 一词,因此本空选 C。第二空考查小标题概括。空后谈到要改变,先要说清楚做出改变很重要的原因;后面谈到一旦明白了其中的原因,就可以告诉你的家人或室友你想做出改变;由此可以推断出这段总的在说找到正确的动机,因此本空选 B。第三个空考查前后句的连贯。本段最后一句谈到如果买咖啡机自己弄咖啡, 早上可以多睡一会儿,因此前一句应该要与咖啡有关,本空选 G。第四个空考查前后句的连贯。本段谈到周末起床、睡觉的时间应该
41、和平常一致,不然周末多睡反而会增加接下来工作日的睡意。F 项中的 no matter the day 指的就是周末也应该和工作日的作息一致。因此本空选 F,第五个空考查前后句的连贯。本段谈到对自己所做的计划要记录、评价和调整。本空后的 If not 说明前面是讨论计划有效就应该坚持,因此选 E。二、语法填空答案： was; plans; on; Before; to go; exactly; keeping; fell; truly; which答案： retired; enjoying; unfortunate; to eat; or ; would die; was dug; so; wh
42、ere; on7.答案：healthier; aspects; which; living; truly; and; in; they; are; worrying8.答案：called; was walking; immediately; musicians; hearing; in; that; was invited; enjoyable; a1.called 解析:考查过去分词作定语的用法。call 与 child 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,且call 表示的动作已完成,故填 called。2.was walking 解析:考查过去进行时。be doing. when.意为“正在做这时”
43、。3.immediately 解析:考查副词。设空处修饰 realised,故填副词 immediately。4.musicians 解析:考查名词。设空处作动词 come 和 play 的逻辑主语,且由 a band of 可知,此处应填 musicians。5.hearing 解析:考查动词ing 形式作宾语的用法。设空处作介词 after 的宾语,又因Tom 与 hear 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故填 hearing。6.in 解析:考查介词。take part in 意为“参加”。7.that 解析:考查连接词。so. that 意为“如此以致于”。8.was invited 解析:考查一般过去时的被动语态。Blind Tom 与 invite 之间是被动关系,且结合文章时态以及时间状语 Three years later 可知,设空处表示的动作发生在过去,故填 was invited。9.enjoyable 解析:考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语修饰 shows,故填 enjoyable。10.a 解析:考查不定冠词。mixture 在此意为“混合”,表泛指,是抽象名词,故填 a。a mixture of 意为“的混合”。
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